动荷载下岩石裂纹动态扩展行为实验研究综述  

Experimental studies on crack propagation behaviors of rock materials under dynamic loads:a review

作　　者：高维廷 朱哲明[1] 朱伟 邹明 GAO Weiting;ZHU Zheming;ZHU Wei;ZOU Ming(MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering,College of Architecture and Environment,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学建筑与环境学院深地科学与工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2023年第8期1-27,共27页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U19A2098,12272247)。

摘　　要：岩石的动态裂纹扩展特性在岩石力学和岩石工程研究中具有重要意义。动荷载下岩石中裂纹的扩展行为是瞬间发生的,这对实验中测试和加载技术具有很大的挑战性。为综述动荷载下岩石材料裂纹扩展研究取得的丰硕成果,总结了岩石动态裂纹扩展测试技术、实验设备和实验方法等方面的最新进展。首先,讨论了动态岩石裂纹扩展测试的各种测量技术(X射线计算机断层扫描技术、焦散线法、数字图像相关法、裂纹扩展计、导电碳膜测试方法、声发射);然后,以应变率为主线,从低到高依次总结了中低应变率、高应变率和超高应变率下岩石内裂纹动态扩展行为研究,系统讨论了落锤冲击装置、霍普金森压杆、爆炸实验中对裂纹扩展测试的实验方法和动态裂纹扩展特性,总结了不同应变率条件下岩石裂纹的起裂、扩展、止裂及动态断裂韧度等的演变规律。Dynamic fracture behavior is a crucial aspect in rock mechanics and engineering,with significant implications to the safety and effectiveness of structures in fields such as mining and civil engineering.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the study of dynamic crack propagation in rock materials,and the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive review and summary on the latest achievements in testing techniques,experimental facility,and experimental methods.Various measurement techniques have been developed for dynamic rock crack propagation testing,including X-ray computed tomography,caustics method,digital image correlation method,crack propagation gauge,conductive carbon film test method and acoustic emission.Each of these techniques has advantages and limitations,and the selection of the appropriate technique depends on the specific experimental requirements and constraints.The dynamic fracture behavior in rock under different strain rates has been studied extensively by numerous researchers.The strain rate is a crucial parameter that determines the deformation and failure mechanisms of rocks under dynamic load.The dynamic fracture properties in rock under middle and low strain rates,high strain rates,and ultra-high strain rates have been systematically summarized.The experimental methods used for dynamic fracture testing include the drop-hammer impact device,split Hopkinson pressure bar system,and explosion tests.The failure properties of crack initiation,propagation,arrest behaviors,and dynamic fracture toughness of rocks under different strain rates have been investigated.In conclusion,the study of dynamic crack propagation in rock is a challenging and important field of research in rock mechanics and rock engineering.The development of new experimental techniques and methods has been enabling researchers to gain a deeper understanding of the complex behavior of cracks in rock under dynamic loads.The findings of these studies have important implications for the design of safe and rel

关 键 词：岩石材料 应变率 动态测试 动态加载 裂纹扩展 动态断裂韧度 

分 类 号：O384[理学—流体力学]