负压环境对乳化炸药爆炸温度场和有害效应的影响  

Influences of negative pressure conditions on the explosion temperature field and harmful effects of emulsion explosive

作　　者：李子涵 程扬帆[1,2] 王浩 朱守军 沈兆武[2] LI Zihan;CHENG Yangfan;WANG Hao;ZHU Shoujun;SHEN Zhaowu(School of Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,232001,Anhui,China;School of Engineering Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,230027,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化学工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]中国科学技术大学工程科学学院,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2023年第8期28-40,共13页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11972046,12272001);安徽省自然科学基金(2108085Y02)。

摘　　要：为了探究负压条件下乳化炸药的爆轰反应机制,利用自制的可视化球形爆炸罐,通过高速摄像机、压力传感器和噪声仪分别记录乳化炸药的爆炸火焰传播过程、爆轰波压力和爆炸噪声,采用比色测温技术重构了爆炸火球的二维温度场,并深入研究了初始真空度对乳化炸药爆炸温度场、爆轰波特征参数以及爆炸噪声的影响。实验结果表明:随着初始真空度的提高,爆炸火球亮度更高,持续时间更长,形态更稳定;当真空度为0 kPa时,火球在19.35µs时破裂,而当真空度为100 kPa时,火球在58.05µs才开始破裂;低初始真空度对火球温度影响较小,而60 kPa以上的初始真空度会显著提高乳化炸药的爆炸温度;冲击波峰值压力和比冲量均随着初始真空度的升高而降低,但初始真空度对冲击波正压作用时间变化的影响不明显。AUTODYN数值模拟结果表明,随着真空度的提高,冲击波峰值压力降低,冲击波速度逐渐降低至与爆轰产物的膨胀速度接近。此外,初始真空度的提高有利于降低爆炸噪声,与常压相比,当罐体内真空度为100 kPa时,爆炸噪声的声压级降低了35.9 dB,降幅为29.8%。In order to explore the mechanism of the detonation reaction of emulsion explosives under negative pressure conditions,a self-made visualized spherical explosion tank was designed,and the explosion flame propagation process,detonation wave pressure and explosion noise of emulsion explosive were measured by a high-speed camera,a pressure sensor and a noise meter,respectively.Furthermore,the two-dimensional temperature field of explosion fireball was reconstructed by using the colorimetric temperature measurement technology and the effects of the initial vacuum degree on the explosion temperature field,while the detonation wave characteristic parameters and the explosion noise of emulsion explosives were studied in depth.Combined with the simulation results of the AUTODYN software,the influences of negative pressures on the explosive pressure fields were analyzed,and the detonation mechanism of the emulsion explosive in the negative pressure environment was also discussed.The experimental results show that with the increase of the initial vacuum degree,the explosion fireball became brighter,lasted longer and had a more stable morphology;when the vacuum degree was 0 kPa,the fireball began to rupture at 19.35µs,while the vacuum degree was 100 kPa,the fireball began to rupture at 58.05µs;a low initial vacuum degree had little effect on the fireball temperature,while the initial vacuum degree above 60 kPa would significantly increase the explosion temperature of emulsion explosives.The peak pressure and specific impulse of shock wave decreased with the increase of initial vacuum degree,while the effect of initial vacuum degree on the positive pressure action time of shock wave was not obvious.AUTODYN numerical simulation results show that the peak pressure of the shock wave decreases with the increase of the vacuum degree,the shock wave velocity gradually decreases,being closer to the expansion velocity of the detonation product.In addition,the increase of the initial vacuum degree was beneficial for the reduction of

关 键 词：真空爆炸 乳化炸药 比色高温计 冲击波参数 爆炸噪声 

分 类 号：O381[理学—流体力学]