亚述帝国的蝗灾与防治  

The Locust Plague and its Control in the Assyrian Empire

作　　者：国洪更[1] GUO Honggeng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2023年第3期35-48,127,共15页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“亚述帝国土地制度研究”(21ASS008);国家社会科学基金重大项目“世界历史上主要文明之间的比较、互动与互鉴研究”(22&ZD249)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：亚述帝国时期,蝗灾令人颇为忌惮。蝗虫数量惊人,危害范围广泛。亚述国王不仅重视消灭蝗虫卵,而且将收集和捕杀蝗虫的数量作为考核官员治蝗工作的依据。亚述人将蝗虫作为美味,飞鸟啄食蝗虫也有助于灭蝗。亚述国王身边的术士也利用法术参与治蝗,他们将各种异常天象视为蝗灾爆发的征兆,认为神灵可以带走蝗虫等害虫,于是向相关神灵奉献供品,有的则焚烧蝗虫等田间害虫及其虫卵的塑像。在国王的指导下,亚述帝国的灭蝗工作取得了局部胜利,然而他们却将治蝗成功归功于神灵的帮助,这很可能会干扰正常的治蝗活动。During the Assyrian Empire,locust plagues were regarded as quite frightening disasters.Locusts not only had an astonishing number,but also had a wide range of harms.Kings of Assyria not only valued the elimination of locust eggs,but also took the quantity of collecting and killing locusts as a standard to assess officials.At the same time,making locusts into delicious food and birds’pecking at them also contributed to control locusts.Exorcists around the king also used incantations to participate in the control of locusts.They regarded various abnormal celestial phenomena as omens of outbreaks of locust plagues,and believed that gods could take away filed pests such as locusts.Therefore,they sacrificed to the relevant gods,while others burned eggs and statues of locusts and other field pests.Under the guidance of the king from top to bottom,the Assyrian Empire achieved partial victory in locust control.However,they attributed the success to the gods,which may interfere with normal locust control activities.

关 键 词：亚述帝国 蝗虫 蝗灾 治蝗法术 

分 类 号：S433.2-09[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]