加强新形势下森林灭火安全的思考  

Reflections on Strengthening Forest Fire Extinguishing Safety Under the New Situation

作　　者：王博[1] 程述龙 常宁 陈锋[1] 刘晓东[1] WANG Bo;CHENG Shu-long;CHANG Ning;CHEN Feng;LIU Xiao-dong(Key Laboratory of Forest and Grassland Fire Risk Prevention Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,P.R.China;Xinjiang Forest Fire Brigade Combat Training Department,Urumqi 830013,Xinjiang,P.R.China;Department of Fire Command,China Fire and Rescue Institute,Beijing 102202,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学森林草原火灾风险防控应急管理部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]新疆森林消防总队作战训练处,新疆乌鲁木齐830013 [3]中国消防救援学院消防指挥系,北京102202

出　　处：《森林防火》2023年第2期40-43,共4页JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE SCIENCE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1511601)。

摘　　要：受森林可燃物、气象、地形等因素的影响,森林火灾扑救难度和扑救风险极大,处置不当极易造成群死群伤事故。本文在梳理总结典型森林灭火伤亡案例的基础上,从自然和人为两个方面分析造成森林灭火伤亡的主要原因,并提出加强新形势下森林灭火安全的建议。研究结果发现:(1)造成森林灭火扑火人员伤亡的自然原因包括易燃植被类型、恶劣气象条件、特殊危险地形等三个方面。(2)造成森林灭火人员伤亡的人为原因包括火情不明、麻痹轻敌、指挥不力、避险不当、过度疲劳等五个方面。(3)加强新形势下森林灭火安全的建议包括:树牢“人民至上、生命至上”指导思想、建立森林火灾扑救风险要素基础数据库、增强森林火灾扑火指挥员专业指挥能力、强化森林灭火实战化演练和紧急避险训练、提升森林消防员扑火防护装备保障能力、提高森林火灾安全扑救效率不打疲劳战。Under the influence of forest fuel,meteorology,terrain and other factors,the difficulty and risk of forest fire fighting are extremely high,and improper disposal is easy to cause group death and group injury accidents.On the basis of summarizing typical cases of forest fire extinguishing casualties,the main causes of forest fire extinguishing casualties from both natural and human aspectsin this article were analyzed,and suggestions to strengthen forest fire extinguishing safety under the new situationwere proposed.The research results found that:(1)The natural causes of forest fire casualties included three aspects:flammable vegetation types,adverse meteorological conditions,and special hazardous terrain.(2)The human causes of forest fire casualties included five aspects:unclear fire situation,paralysis of the enemy,poor command,improper risk avoidance,and excessive fatigue.(3)Suggestions for strengthening forest fire extinguishing safety under the new situation included:strengthening the guiding ideology of“people first,lifefirst”,establishing a basic database of forest fire extinguishing risk factors,enhancing the professional command ability of forest fire extinguishing commanders,strengthening practical forest fire extinguishing drills and emergency avoidance training,improving the guarantee ability of forest firefighters’fire protection equipment,and improving the efficiency of forest fire safety firefighting without fighting fatigue.

关 键 词：森林灭火安全 群死群伤 专业指挥 勘察火场 判明火情 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]