关中地区道路移动源细颗粒物排放特征研究  

Study on emission characteristics of fine particle matter from on-road mobile sources in Guanzhong region,China

作　　者：卢攀[1,2] 李光华 张帅 刘家瑶[3] 李姜豪 邓顺熙 LU Pan;LI Guanghua;ZHANG Shuai;LIU Jiayao;LI Jianghao;DENG Shunxi(School of Architectural Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064;School of Energy and Architecture,Xi’an Aeronautical Institute,Xi’an 710077;School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064)

机构地区：[1]长安大学建筑工程学院,西安710061 [2]西安航空学院能源与建筑学院,西安710077 [3]长安大学水利与环境学院,西安710064 [4]长安大学旱区地水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,西安710064

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第8期265-272,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFC0212206);陕西省重点研发计划项目(No.2021ZDLSF-05-07);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(No.2016KTZDSF-02-01);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(No.2021JQ-851)。

摘　　要：道路移动源排放的细颗粒物是城市大气颗粒物的主要来源,其排放量、粒径分布和化学组分等特征是评价区域环境颗粒物排放水平及制定相应管控措施的基础.本研究通过抽样调查与观测数据,采用MOVES模型计算了2019年关中地区道路移动源细颗粒物排放量,并利用台架测试法收集了36辆机动车尾气颗粒物,分析了细颗粒物粒径分布和化学组分特征.结果表明,关中地区机动车尾气、刹车磨损和轮胎磨损的PM_(2.5)排放量分别为3543.77、593.45和117.61 t,西安市机动车PM_(2.5)排放总量占关中地区机动车PM_(2.5)总排放量的46.8%.重型货车为机动车PM_(2.5)主要排放源,其保有量仅占机动车总保有量的2.3%,但排放了53.6%的PM_(2.5);不同燃料类型机动车对尾气PM_(2.5)的排放贡献率不同,柴油车最大,为87.5%.在匀速工况下,柴油车、汽油车和天然气车尾气细颗粒物的数浓度峰值粒径分别为73、9和9 nm,而在加速工况下分别为73、17和17 nm;在加速工况下,这3类燃料机动车尾气细颗粒物的质量浓度均与颗粒物粒径呈指数增大关系.汽油车和柴油车尾气PM_(2.5)组分中,碳组分的占比分别为67.6%和69.5%,NO_(3)-在PM_(2.5)的水溶性离子中含量最高;汽油车尾气PM_(2.5)的元素组分中Mn、Zn、Pb和Fe的含量高,而柴油车尾气PM_(2.5)以Al、Ca和Fe为主.On-road mobile emission is the main source of atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM)in the urban area.The strength of on-road mobile emissions,as well as size distribution and chemical composition of emitted fine PM,are the basis of regional ambient PM emission level evaluation and control regulation.Based on the survey and observation data,the emissions of fine PM from on-road mobile sources in 2019 in the Guanzhong region were calculated using the MOVES model.In the meantime,the chassis dynamometer test method was used to collect PM in the exhaust of 36 motor vehicles,the size distribution and chemical composition of which were analyzed.The results showed that the emissions of PM_(2.5) from vehicular exhaust,brake wear,and tire wear in the Guanzhong region were 3543.77,593.45,and 117.61 t,respectively.The total PM_(2.5) emissions of vehicles in Xi’an accounted for 46.8% of that in the entire Guanzhong region.Among all types of vehicles,heavy-duty trucks were the biggest contributor to PM_(2.5) emission(53.6%),despite that they accounted for only 2.3% of the total vehicle population.The contribution to total PM_(2.5) emissions in exhaust varied by fuel type.Diesel vehicles had the largest contribution(87.5%).The peak diameters of the number concentration of exhaust particles emitted by diesel,gasoline,and natural gas vehicles were 73,9,and 9 nm under driving at a constant speed,and 73,17 and 17 nm under accelerating driving conditions,respectively.Under the acceleration condition,the mass concentrations of PM in the exhaust exponentially grew with particle size.The masses of carbon components accounted for 67.6% and 69.5% of the total PM_(2.5) components in gasoline and diesel vehicles exhaust,respectively.NO_(3)^(-)had the highest abundance in the water-soluble ions of PM_(2.5).The masses of Mn,Zn,Pb,and Fe were higher in PM_(2.5) in gasoline vehicle exhaust,while Al,Ca,and Fe were the main components in PM_(2.5) in diesel vehicle exhaust.

关 键 词：细颗粒物 道路移动源 排放清单 粒径分布 化学组分 关中地区 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]