雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼种群结构与生长特性  

Population structure and growth characteristics of Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus in the middle reach of Yalong River

作　　者：李筱芹 郑江 万卓坤 曾如奎 丁钰玮 宋以兴 赵春娴 冯雪[1] 倪达富 付梅 姚维志[1] 吕红健 LI Xiaoqin;ZHENG Jiang;WAN Zhuokun;ZENG Rukui;DING Yuwei;SONG Yixing;ZHAO Chunxian;FENG Xue;NI Dafu;FU Mei;YAO Weizhi;LÜHongjian(Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment,Conservation and Research Center for Aquatic Biodiversity in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,农业农村部长江上游水生生物多样性保护研究中心,渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400716 [2]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,成都610000

出　　处：《生态学报》2023年第16期6833-6850,共18页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31802296);雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司资助科研项目(YLGZ-GZA-ZZ2020232);农业农村部长江流域渔政监督管理办公室资助项目(17200302,171821301354051042)。

摘　　要：于2020年10月至2021年3月在四川省甘孜藏族自治州雅砻江江段(雅江县至新龙县)采集厚唇裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus)样本189尾,用以研究雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼的种群结构与生长特性,分析其野生资源现状、影响因素及保护对策。结果显示雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼调查种群由3—9龄组成,其中优势年龄组为4—6龄,占样本总数的87.83%;种群平均体长和体重分别为264.1 mm和250.5 g,雌雄性比为1.48:1,雌性和雄性最小性成熟个体年龄均为4龄,对应体长分别为202.0 mm和220.0 mm,对应体重分别为105.0 g和133.0 g;种群的平均肥满度为1.22,体长(L)与体重(W)关系式为W=5.00×10^(-6)L^(3.146)(R^(2)=0.948,n=189),属于匀速生长类型;种群体长和体重的Von Bertalanffy生长方程分别为L_(t)=727.5[1-e^(-0.097(t-0.508))],W_(t)=5224.9[1-e^(-0.097(t-0.508))]3.146;生长拐点年龄为12.4龄,对应的体长和体重分别为505.2 mm和1568.3 g。研究表明目前雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼表现出年龄结构趋于低龄化,体型趋于小型化的种群结构特点,且具有自然寿命较长、生长缓慢、渐近体长较大等生长特性,加之雅砻江饵料基础和水文条件较差等因素,推测雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼所具备的种群增长潜力较低,其野生资源的自然恢复面临挑战。因此,应尽快开展雅砻江流域厚唇裸重唇鱼野生资源的保护工作。Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus,a unique Schizothoracinae fish species in China,is mainly distributed in the upper reach of the Yellow River and the middle-upper reaches of Yalong River.In order to analyze the fishery status and growth potential of G.pachycheilus population in the middle reach of Yalong River,a total of 189 G.pachycheilus were collected from the middle Yalong River,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province,from October 2020 to March 2021.The population structure and growth characteristics were studied by mathematical models and statistical methods.The results showed that the G.pachycheilus population was consisted of individuals of 3-9 years old,and dominated by ones of 4-6 years old(n=166),accounting for 87.83%of the total samples(n=189).The average standard length and body weight of the fish samples were(264.1±3.4)mm(mean±SE)and(250.5±12.6)g(mean±SE),respectively,which had the standard length range from 176.0 to 455.0 mm and body weight range from 65.7 to 1240.0 g.There were 134 sexually mature individuals among 189 G.pachycheilus samples,and the sex ratio of the population was(♀:♂)1.48:1(i.e.,80:54).In addition,the smallest sexually mature female and male fish sample were both 4 years old,with standard length of 202.0 mm(♀)and 220.0 mm(♂),body weight of 105.0 g(♀)and 133.0 g(♂),respectively.The average fatness of all G.pachycheilus samples was(1.22±0.01)(mean±SE).The relationship between body weight and standard length could be expressed as W=5.00×10^(-6)L^(3.146)(R^(2)=0.948,n=189).The Von Bertalanffy growth equations of standard length and body weight were L_(t)=727.5[1-e^(-0.097(t-0.508))]and W_(t)=5224.9[1-e^(-0.097(t-0.508))]3.146,respectively.The age for the growth inflection point of body weight was 12.36 years,and the corresponding standard length and body weight were 505.2 mm and 1568.3 g.Overall,the results indicated that the population structure of G.pachycheilus in the middle reach of Yalong River tended to be younger in age and smaller in size,and the G.p

关 键 词：裂腹鱼亚科 厚唇裸重唇鱼 种群结构 生长特性 雅砻江中游 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]