社区高龄老年人吞咽障碍的现状及影响因素探讨  

Current status and influencing factors of dysphagia in community elderly

作　　者：曾平 路菲 张丁丁 刘硕 汪雪萍 孙晓红 Zeng Ping;Lu Fei;Zhang Dingding;Liu Shuo;Wang Xueping;Sun Xiaohong(Department of Geriatrics,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing 100730,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院、北京协和医院老年医学科,北京100730 [2]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院、北京协和医院保健医疗部,北京100730 [3]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院、北京协和医院临床和转化医学研究中心,北京100730

出　　处：《中国临床保健杂志》2023年第4期489-492,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare

基　　金：中央高水平医院临床科研业务费资助项目(2022-PUMCH-B-132)。

摘　　要：目的基于老年综合评估探讨北京市某社区老年人吞咽障碍的现状及其影响因素。方法对社区常住老年人群进行包括功能、营养、衰弱、多重用药、慢病指数等工具在内的老年综合评估,采用EAT-10吞咽障碍工具进行吞咽问题筛查,并分析其慢性病及老年综合征等相关因素。结果纳入评估老年人共317例,年龄(84.5±4.9)岁,其中男性147例。EAT-10筛查提示吞咽障碍达30.9%(98/317)。经多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄(OR=1.079,95%CI:1.011~1.151)、口腔健康问题(OR=3.709,95%CI:1.825~7.540)、日常生活能力受损(OR=0.723,95%CI:0.578~0.905)、衰弱(OR=1.640,95%CI:1.274~2.110)、用药种类(OR=1.155,95%CI:1.050~1.270)、跌倒次数(OR=1.922,95%CI:1.050~2.984)与吞咽障碍均存在密切相关性(P<0.05)。结论针对社区老年人,特别是高龄老年人应定期开展包括吞咽障碍筛查在内的老年综合评估,并给予精准干预措施。Objective To explore the current status of dysphagia and its influencing factors among elderly people in a community in Beijing based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment.Methods A comprehensive geriatric assessment including functional status,frailty,polypharmacy,and Charlson Chronic Index(CCI)was conducted on the community-dwell elderly population,and the eating assessment tool(EAT-10)was used to screen for dysphagia.Results A total of 317 elderly with a mean age of(84.5±4.9)years and 147 males were included in the assessment.98(30.9%)older adults with dysphagia were screened with EAT-10.Multiple logist regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.079,95%CI:1.011~1.151),oral problems(OR=3.709,95%CI:1.825~7.540),impaired activities of daily living(OR=0.723,95%CI:0.578~0.905),frailty(OR=1.640,95%CI:1.274~2.110),number of medication(OR=1.155,95%CI:1.050~1.270),and number of falls(OR=1.922,95%CI:1.050~2.984)were significantly correlated with dysphagia(P<0.05).Conclusions A comprehensive geriatric assessment including screening for dysphagia should be conducted regularly for the elderly in the community,especially the older elderly,and a developed intervention model of dysphagia is needed.

关 键 词：健康状况指标 吞咽障碍 社区卫生服务 衰弱 危险因素 老年人 

分 类 号：R592[医药卫生—老年医学]