国际贸易中碳排放与增加值的虚拟转移及其不公平性研究  

Study on virtual transfer of carbon emissions and value added in international trade and its inequality

作　　者：邢贞成 王济干[3] 冯奎双 张婕[3] 王海鲲 XING Zhencheng;WANG Jigan;FENG Kuishuang;ZHANG Jie;WANG Haikun(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Business,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Department of Geographical Sciences,University of Maryland,College Park,MD 20742,USA;Institute of Blue and Green Development,Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院,南京210023 [2]关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心,南京210023 [3]河海大学商学院,南京211100 [4]马里兰大学地理科学系,科利奇帕克20742 [5]山东大学蓝绿发展研究院,威海264209

出　　处：《世界地理研究》2023年第8期16-24,138,共10页World Regional Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目(21YJC790130);国家自然科学基金项目(41471457);国家社会科学基金项目(22CJY052);中央高校基本业务费(0217-14380197)。

摘　　要：全球价值链分工差异导致不同国家在国际贸易中获得经济收益与其承担的环境成本存在不对等现象,造成国际贸易碳不公平性问题。利用多区域投入产出模型追踪国际贸易引致的碳排放和增加值转移,并基于二者的净转移关系,应用距离评价方法构建区域间碳转移不公平性指数,分析全球贸易碳不公平性的静态分布特征和动态演化趋势。研究发现:全球25%左右的碳排放发生在国际贸易品的生产中,且倾向于从发达国家向发展中国家转移。德国、英国、法国和意大利等欧洲发达国家通过消费其他国家的产品将43%~59%的碳排放转移出去,而将超过80%的贸易增加值留在本国,实现了经济和环境的双赢;而中国等发展中国家由于产业结构劣势,净转入的增加值相对于净转入的碳排放来说要小得多,遭受来自发达国家的碳转移不公平性。发达国家与发展中国家之间的碳转移不公平性程度较大,而发达国家之间的不公平程度较小。不过,随着经济全球化发展,全球贸易碳不公平问题在研究期间有所改善。Differences in global value chain division of labor lead to the unequal phenomenon between the economic benefits and environmental costs of different countries in international trade,resulting in the carbon inequality of international trade.This paper used a multi-regional input-output model to track the carbon emissions and value-added transfer caused by international trade,and used the distance evaluation method to construct an inter-regional carbon transfer inequality index based on the net transfer relationship between the two,and analyzed the static distribution characteristics and dynamic evolution trend of global trade carbon inequality.It is found that developed European countries,such as Germany,Britain,France and Italy,have out sourced 43%~59% of consumption-based carbon emissions to other countries,while more than 80% of value-added triggered by these region's final consumption was retained within the region,thereby realizing a win-win situation in economy and environment.However,due to the disadvantage of industrial structure in China and other developing countries,the net inflow of added value is much smaller than the net inflow of carbon emissions,thereby suffering carbon transfer inequality from developed countries.Moreover,the inequality between developed countries and developing countries is relatively large,while that between developed countries is relatively small.However,with the development of economic globalization,global trade carbon inequality has improved during the study period.

关 键 词：国际贸易 多区域投入产出 碳转移 距离评价 不公平性 

分 类 号：F746[经济管理—国际贸易] X321[经济管理—产业经济]