关注输血传播病毒并保障输血安全  

Pay attention to transfusion transmitted virus and ensure the transfusion safety

作　　者：黄象艳 Huang Xiangyan(Transfusion Medical Department of the 960 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army(PLA)Joint Logistics Support Force(Jinan Blood Center of the PLA),Jinan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]联勤保障部队第九六〇医院输血医学科(解放军济南血液中心),济南250031

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2023年第4期353-356,共4页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MH325)。

摘　　要：病毒性输血传播感染(transfusion transmitted infection,TTI)是对输血安全的最大威胁。为了保障血液安全,献血者血液病毒检测策略在不断演变。乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的血清学和核酸检测技术的发展有效降低了传播风险,但窗口期、隐匿性HBV感染(OBI)、抗逆转录HIV治疗期献血仍然时刻威胁着输血安全。其他已知病毒以及新发病毒通过输血传播的潜在风险是输血安全面临的新挑战。采供血机构应通过选择招募低风险无偿献血者、健康征询、使用高灵敏度和特异性的检测技术和方法、血液成分病毒灭活以及建立完备的预警系统,制定更好的血液安全策略,从而降低病毒性TTI的风险。Viral transfusion transmitted infection(TTI)is the biggest threat to the safety of blood transfusion.In order to ensure blood safety,virus detection strategies of blood donors are constantly evolving.The development of serology and nucleic acid detection technology for hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)has effectively reduced the risk of transmission,but blood donation in the window period of infection,occult hepatitis B virus infection(OBI)and antiretroviral HIV treatment period still constantly threatens the transfusion safety.The potential transmission risk of other known viruses and new viruses transmitted through blood transfusion is a new challenge to the transfusion safety.Blood collection and supply institutions should develop better blood safety strategies to reduce the risk of viral TTI by selecting and recruiting low-risk unpaid blood donors,health consultation,using highly sensitive and specific detection technologies and method,inactivating blood components and establishing a complete early warning system.

关 键 词：输血传播感染 病毒 输血安全 策略 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]