1994—2021年北京地区献血人群HIV感染状况回顾性分析  

Retrospective analysis of HIV infection among blood donors in Beijing Area from 1994 to 2021

作　　者：张冬 龚晓燕[1] 陈冬梅[1] 夏红英[1] 王卓妍[1] 邱艳[2] 陈立[1] Zhang Dong;Gong Xiaoyan;Chen Dongmei;Xia Hongyin;Wang Zhuoyan;Qiu Yan;Chen Li(Beijing Red Cross Blood Center Research Institute,Beijing 100088,China;Beijing Red Cross Blood Center Center Office,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市红十字血液中心研究所,北京100088 [2]北京市红十字血液中心办公室,北京100088

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2023年第4期377-382,共6页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

摘　　要：目的了解北京地区1994—2021年献血人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染状况,分析献血者中HIV感染者的流行特征及影响因素,为献血者管理及血液安全保障提供参考依据。方法通过描述性流行病学方法对献血人群中HIV的酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)联合核酸检测(NAT)情况、第三方确证实验室蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)的检测结果以及感染者的基本人口学信息进行分析。结果北京地区1994—2021年共计有6450244人次参加献血,其中初筛反应性为7622例,经HIV确证检测后有1553人份结果为阳性,年平均检出率为2.41/万,每年的检出率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=899.690,P<0.01),检出率最高为2015年(5.93/万),最低为1994年(0);对2011—2021年ELISA联合NAT检测出的3802份初筛反应性标本进行WB确证试验,其中确证试验为阳性的合计1191份,均为ELISA血清反应性,其中NAT(+)的有682份;感染人群性别分布主要以男性为主(95.30%);年龄以18—30岁为主(62.40%);职业以职员、工人和其它(含不详)的感染者检出率较高,共计占总感染人数的83.26%;ABO血型系统,以A、B、O型为主(89.70%),Rh血型系统以Rh阳性为主(99.25%);首次献血者的感染检出率高于重复献血者(χ^(2)=39.587,P<0.01)。结论1994—2021年北京地区献血人群中HIV感染者的年检出数量受外部环境的影响较大;目前的筛查策略虽能够较合理地屏蔽HIV感染者,但本地区感染者检出率相对较高,鉴于HIV感染者的特征分布不同,应有针对性地做好后续的处理方案,以保证血液安全。Objective To understand the status of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection among blood donors in Beijing from 1994 to 2021,analyze the prevalence characteristics and influencing factors of HIV infection among blood donors,and provide reference for blood donor management and blood safety assurance.Methods Using descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the situation of HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)combined with nucleic acid detection(NAT),third-party confirmatory laboratory test western blot(WB)result and basic demographic information of infected patients among blood donors.Results From 1994 to 2021,a total of 6450244 person-times participated in blood donation,of which 7622 were reactive in the primary screening,and 1553 were positive after the HIV confirmation test,average detection rate is(2.14 per 10000),the vary of detection rates were statistically significant from year to year(χ^(2)=899.690,P<0.01),with the highest detection rate in 2015(5.93 per 10000)and the lowest in 1994(0).From 2011 to 2021,3802 primary screening reactive specimens detected by ELISA combined with NAT were confirmed by WB test,of which 1191 were positive in the confirmatory test,all of which were ELISA seropositive,of which 682 were NAT(+).The gender distribution of the infected population is mainly male(95.30%);the age distribution is mainly 18-30 years old(62.40%);in terms of occupation,the detection rate of infected people is higher among employees,workers and others(including unknown),accounting for 83.26%of the total number of infected persons.The ABO blood group system was dominated by A,B and O(89.7%)and the Rh blood group system was dominated by Rh-positive(99.25%);the detection rate of infection was higher among first-time donors than repeat donors(χ^(2)=39.587,P<0.01).Conclusions From 1994 to 2021,the annual number of HIV-infected blood donors in Beijing was greatly affected by the external environment.Although the current screening strategy can reasonably shield HIV-infected people,the detection rat

关 键 词：人类免疫缺陷病毒 感染状况 献血 血液安全 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R512.91[医药卫生—临床医学]