不同简易矮化修剪方式对杨梅提质增效的影响  

Effects of Different Simple Dwarf Pruning Methods on Improving Quality and Efficiency of Chinese Bayberry

作　　者：罗忠 Luo Zhong(Ninghua Water and Soil Conservation Station,Ninghua,Fujian 365413,China)

机构地区：[1]宁化县水土保持站,福建宁化365413

出　　处：《东南园艺》2023年第2期108-111,共4页Southeast Horticulture

基　　金：2023年福建省团队科技特派员项目。

摘　　要：【目的】目前商品果产量、果实品质、劳力和农资成本等是影响杨梅种植效益的重要因素,矮化修剪成为杨梅提质增效的一个重要手段和趋势。为了更有效促进杨梅的提质增效,经对比后寻求合理的修剪方式。【方法】以10 a生‘东魁’杨梅为材料,采用“直立枝修剪”和“开天窗”等两种不同简易矮化修剪方式,比较二者对杨梅树体矮化、果实品质及种植效益的影响。【结果】两种矮化修剪方式均能显著降低杨梅树体的高度,利于农事操作。与对照相比,两种修剪方式还可显著增加果实单果重、可溶性固形物含量和果实色泽CIRG值和降低果实可滴定酸。与“开天窗”相比,“直立枝修剪”在树体矮化效果、降低果实酸含量、提高株商品果产量等方面效果更显著。两种矮化修剪方式的种植效益均优于对照,株净效益分别比对照增加261.6元和91.2元。【结论】杨梅采用“直立枝修剪”矮化修剪方式的种植效益更佳。【Objective】At present,commercial fruit yield,fruit quality and cost of labor and agricultural goods are important factors affecting the planting benefit of Chinese bayberry.Dwarf pruning has become an important means and trend to improve the quality and efficiency of Chinese bayberry.In order to accelerate improvement of quality and efficiency,reasonable pruning methods were selected by comparison.【Method】In this study,10-year-old‘Dongkui’Chinese bayberry were used as materials to compare the effects of two simple dwarf pruning methods,pruning of upright branches and branches in internal tree body,on the treed body dwarf of Chinese bayberry trees,fruit quality and planting benefits.【Result】The results showed that the two dwarf pruning methods could significantly reduce the height of trees,which was beneficial to agricultural operations.Moreover,the two dwarf pruning methods could also significantly increase fruit weight,soluble solids content and fruit color CIRG value and reduce fruit titratable acid.Compared with pruning of branches in internal tree body,pruning of upright branches had more significant effects on dwarfing effect,fruit acid reduction and increase of commercial fruit yield per plant.The planting benefits of two dwarfing pruning methods were better than those of the control,the net benefit per plant increased by 261.6 yuan and 91.2 yuan,respectively compared to the control.【Conclusion】Dwarfing method of pruning of upright braches had the better planting benefits.

关 键 词：杨梅 矮化修剪 提质增效 

分 类 号：S667.6[农业科学—果树学]