村庄公共品的内生供给与外生供给  

Endogenous Supply and Exogenous Supply of Village Public Goods

作　　者：贺雪峰 HE Xuefeng

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2023年第5期5-11,共7页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

摘　　要：依据公共品建设资源来源,可以将村庄公共品供给分为内生供给与外生供给两种形态。依据公共品供给主体不同,村庄公共品供给有“长循环”和“短循环”两种方式。一直以来,村庄公共品主要靠“短循环”的内生供给,村庄公共品供给水平一般都比较低。取消农业税后,国家资源下乡,村庄公共品逐步变成依靠“长循环”的外生供给,村庄公共品供给水平大幅度提高,却也普遍存在资源浪费的问题,包括公共品供给与村庄需求错位、村民客体化、村干部行政化等。在全国区域差异巨大、不同村庄公共品需求不同且公共品标准化程度不高的情况下,将目前通过中央部门向农村转移资源建设村庄公共品的长循环,变为以村庄内生供给公共品为主的短循环,不仅可以提高村庄公共品供给效能,而且可以激发出农户建设公共品的内在积极性,其中关键环节是将国家下拨到村庄的资源从财政资金变成村庄集体资源。According to the source of public goods construction resources,the supply of village public goods can be divided into two forms:endogenous supply and exogenous supply.According to the different public goods suppliers,the village public goods supply have two ways,they are“long cycle”and“short cycle”.For a long time,village public goods mainly rely on“short cycle”endogenous supply,the supply of village public goods is on relatively low level.After China’s abolition of agricultural tax,national resources start to go to the countryside.Village public goods gradually become to rely on the“long cycle”of external supply,and the supply level of village public goods has been greatly improved.But there are widespread problems of resource waste,including village demand dislocation,villagers objectified,village cadres administrative and so on.In the case of huge regional differences in the country,different villages’demands for public goods are different.Besides,the degree of public goods’standardization is not high.The long cycle of transferring resources to rural areas through the central department to build village public goods into a short cycle of endogenous supply can not only improve the efficiency of village public goods supply,but also it can stimulate farmers’inner enthusiasm to build public goods.The key link is to change the resources allocated by the state to the village from financial funds to collective resources.

关 键 词：村庄公共品 资源下乡 村民自治 村社集体 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]