河段挟沙力计算方法及其在黄河下游的应用  

Method for Calculating the Reach⁃Scale Sediment Transport Capacity and Its Application in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：夏军强[1] 戈向阳 周美蓉[1] XIA Junqiang;GE Xiangyang;ZHOU Meirong(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《人民黄河》2023年第9期12-17,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2243238,U2243237)。

摘　　要：黄河下游河床形态沿程变化很大,且实测水文断面分布不均匀,采用断面数据计算得到的挟沙力仅能反映特定水文断面的挟沙能力。因此提出了一种河段水流挟沙力的计算方法,可反映整个河段的挟沙力调整情况。采用提出的方法,计算了1986—2020年黄河下游游荡段、过渡段、弯曲段的河段挟沙力,分析了其时空变化特点。结果表明:游荡段、过渡段、弯曲段的挟沙力范围分别为0.52~24.00 kg/m^(3)、1.03~17.74 kg/m^(3)、0.94~18.34 kg/m^(3)。在时间上,呈现出小浪底水库运用前年际变化较大,水库运用后显著减小的特点,河段挟沙力较水库运用前减小69%以上;在空间上,呈现出小浪底水库运用前沿程减小32%、水库运用后沿程增大29%的变化规律。The channel geometry in the Lower Yellow River varies significantly and the calculated sediment transport capacity at a specific section cannot reflect the adjustment characteristics in the whole reach.Therefore,this article proposed a new method for calculating the reach⁃scale sediment transport capacity.Then the sediment transport capacity of the braided,transitional and meandering reaches of the Lower Yellow River was calculated from 1986 to 2020 by using the proposed method.The obtained results show that the sediment transport capacities in the three sub⁃reaches range between 0.52-24.00,1.03-17.74 and 0.94-18.34 kg/m^(3) respectively.With respect to temporal variation,the sediment transport capacity changes greatly before the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,while it remarkably decreases after the op⁃eration,with the value decreasing over 69%compared to pre⁃operation levels.In terms of spatial variation,the sediment transport capacity is decreased by 32%along the channel before the operation of the reservoir and it is increased by 29%along the channel after the operation of the reservoir.

关 键 词：挟沙力 河段尺度 黄河下游 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV143TV882.1