不同灌水量下化肥减量配施生物有机肥对番茄产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Tomato Yield and Quality under Different Irrigation Amounts

作　　者：孙虎[1] 孙明茂[1] 王成霞[1] 吕金浮[1] Sun Hu;Sun Mingmao;Wang Chengxia;LüJinfu(Jia Sixie Agronomy College,Weifang University of Science and Technology,Shouguang 262700,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊科技学院贾思勰农学院,山东寿光262700

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第8期110-115,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GNC106107);潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2020GX066);潍坊科技学院学科建设设施园艺专项(2021XKJS34)。

摘　　要：探讨不同灌水量下化肥减量配施生物有机肥对番茄产量和品质的影响,以为番茄绿色优质高效生产提供科学施肥方案。试验以番茄品种‘新欧粉9号’为材料,以常规水肥管理为CK(常规化肥用量2000 kg/hm^(2)+灌水量800 m^(3)/hm^(2)),设置T1(化肥减量15%+生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+灌水量800 m^(3)/hm^(2))、T2(化肥减量30%+生物有机肥6000 kg/hm^(2)+灌水量800 m^(3)/hm^(2))、T3(化肥减量15%+生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+灌水量1200 m^(3)/hm^(2))、T4(化肥减量30%+生物有机肥6000 kg/hm^(2)+灌水量1200 m^(3)/hm^(2))共5个处理,研究不同水肥用量对番茄产量及品质的影响。结果表明:不同灌水量下化肥减量配施生物有机肥均可不同程度地增加0~20 cm耕层土壤有机质含量,降低土壤pH值。当灌水量为800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、化肥减量15%和30%时,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量显著低于CK,当灌水量为1200 m^(3)/hm^(2)时则与CK差异不显著。番茄单果质量和单株产量T3、T4处理与CK差异不显著,相同施肥量不同灌水量下比较,单株产量T3较T1处理显著提高13.77%,T4较T2处理显著提高11.82%;不同灌水量下化肥减量配施生物有机肥均显著提高化肥偏生产力,T1~T4处理化肥偏生产力较CK分别提高6.98%、16.49%、21.72%、11.83%。不同灌水量下化肥减量配施生物有机肥显著提高番茄果实维生素C、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量,显著降低硝酸盐和有机酸含量。通过对番茄8个品质指标进行主成分分析可知,各处理综合得分依次为T4>T3>T2>T1>CK。综上,本试验条件下灌水量为1200 m^(3)/hm^(2)时,化肥适当减量配施生物有机肥更有利于提高化肥利用效率,改善番茄品质,且产量未显著波动,是实现番茄绿色提质增效的科学施肥方式。The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer on tomato yield and quality under different irrigation amounts were discussed in this study in order to provide a scientific fertili-zation scheme for green,high-quality and efficient production of tomato.In the experiment,the tomato variety Xinoufen 9 was used as material,the conventional water and fertilizer management was used as CK(conven-tional chemical fertilizer rate at 2000 kg/hm^(2)+irrigation amount at 800 m^(3)/hm^(2)),and the treatments were set as T1(chemical fertilizer reduction 15%+bio-organic fertilizer at 3000 kg/hm^(2)+irrigation amount at 800 m^(3)/hm^(2)),T2(chemical fertilizer reduction 30%+bio-organic fertilizer at 6000 kg/hm^(2)+irrigation amount at 800 m^(3)/hm^(2)),T3(chemical fertilizer reduction 15%+bio-organic fertilizer at 3000 kg/hm^(2)+irrigation amount at 1200 m^(3)/hm^(2))and T4(30%reduction of chemical fertilizer+6000 kg/hm^(2) of bio-organic fertilizer+1200 m^(3)/hm^(2) of irrigation water).The effects of different amounts of water and fertilizer on yield and quality of to-mato were studied.The results showed that the chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer could increase soil organic matter content in 0~20 cm topsoil and decrease soil pH value in different degrees under different irrigation amounts.When the amount of irrigation water was 800 m^(3)/hm^(2) and the amount of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 15%and 30%,the contents of soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly lower than those of CK,but those were not significantly different with CK when the amount of irrigation was 1200 m^(3)/hm^(2).There was no significant differences in sin-gle fruit weight and yield per plant under T3 and T4 treatments with CK.Under the same fertilization amount and different irrigation amounts,the yield per plant of T3 was significantly increased by 13.77%compared with T1 treatment,while that of T4 treactment was significantly incre

关 键 词：灌水量 化肥减量 生物有机肥 番茄 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S143[农业科学—园艺学]