有机肥替代化肥对设施番茄产量、品质及土壤性状的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Soil Properties of Greenhouse Tomato

作　　者：赵成雷 于建 郭新送 朱福军 梁茂荣 陈兰强 杨保国 丁方军 申洋 马学文 Zhao Chenglei;Yu Jian;Guo Xinsong;Zhu Fujun;Liang Maorong;Chen Lanqiang;Yang Baoguo;Ding Fangjun;Shen Yang;Ma Xuewen(Shandong Nongda Fertilizer Technology Co.,Ltd./Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizers,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Taian 271000,China;Dingtao District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Heze City,Heze 274000,China;Zhucheng Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Zhucheng 261000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农大肥业科技股份有限公司/农业农村部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室,山东泰安271000 [2]菏泽市定陶区农业技术推广中心,山东菏泽274000 [3]诸城市农业农村局,山东诸城261000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第8期116-120,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ021);国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2019YFE0122700)。

摘　　要：试验以单施化肥为对照(CK),设置不同比例有机肥替代化肥(T1,替代5%;T2,替代15%;T3,替代25%;T4,替代35%;T5,替代50%;T6,替代100%)对设施番茄产量及其构成、果实营养品质和土壤理化指标及微生物数量的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥替代化肥(除T4外)可提高番茄产量0.59%~5.17%;有机肥替代比例不低于25%时,番茄可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、VC含量和固酸比均提高,较对照分别提高5.81%~11.61%、1.39%~7.50%、5.38%~12.05%、0.29%~7.18%;土壤速效钾、有机质含量及细菌、真菌数量较对照分别增加399.26%~495.80%、8.47%~30.65%、0~207.14%、5.11%~45.11%。T3处理番茄产量最高,为147600 kg/hm^(2)。在产量和品质指标的主成分分析中T3综合评价指数最高,且T3处理在改良土壤理化性状、增加微生物数量方面兼具良好效果,即25%的有机肥替代为协调设施番茄增产、提质、改良土壤的最优替代比例。本研究结果可为山东省设施番茄绿色可持续生产的有机肥替代化肥生产提供参考依据。In this experiment,single application of chemical fertilizer was used as control(CK),the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer at different ratios(T1,replacing 5%,T2,replacing 15%,T3,replacing 25%,T4,replacing 35%,T5,replacing 50%,T6,replacing 100%)on yield and its compositions,fruit nutritional quality of greenhouse tomato,and soil chemical indicators and microorganisms were studied.The results showed that the yield of tomato increased by 0.59%to 5.17%after using organic fer-tilizer instead of chemical fertilizer(except T4 treatment)compared with CK,the contents of soluble sugar,soluble solids,VC and solid-acid ratio increased by 5.81%to 11.61%,1.39%to 7.50%,5.38%to 12.05%,0.29%to 7.18%,respectively,when the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer was not less than 25%.The contents of soil available potassium and organic matter and the amount of bacteria and fungi increased by 399.26%to 495.80%,8.47%to 30.65%,0 to 207.14%,5.11%to 45.11%,respectively.The yield of toma-to treated with T3 was the highest(147600 kg/hm^(2)).T3 Treatment showed the highest comprehensive evalu-ation index in principal component analysis of yield and quality indicators,and had good effects on improving soil properties and increasing microbial content,so 25%replacement ratio of organic fertilizer was the best to coordinate the yield increase,quality and soil improvement of greenhouse tomato.The results of this study could provide theoretical bases for the green and sustainable production with organic fertilizer replacing chemi-cal fertilizer of greenhouse tomato in Shandong Province.

关 键 词：有机肥 替代比例 设施番茄 产量 品质 土壤性状 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]