增施乙烯利对长江流域麦/油后直播棉脱叶催熟效果及产量的影响  

Effects of Increasing the Application of Ethephon on Defoliation and Boll Ripening,and Yield of Direct Seeding Cotton after Wheat/Rapeseed Harvest in Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：宋兴虎 张特 张祥[2] 张丽娟 徐道青[4] 杜明伟 田晓莉 李召虎 SONG Xinghu;ZHANG Te;ZHANG Xiang;ZHANG Lijuan;XU Daoqing;DU Mingwei;TIAN Xiaoli;LI Zhaohu(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University/Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100193,China;College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China;Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330202,China;Cotton Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院/植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心,北京100193 [2]扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225000 [3]江西省经济作物研究所,江西南昌330202 [4]安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第9期1006-1014,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-16)。

摘　　要：为优化长江流域棉区麦/油后直播棉的化学脱叶催熟技术、促进该棉区棉花生产方式的转变,试验于2020年在江苏大丰、江西九江和安徽安庆开展,设1500、3000 mL/hm^(2)50%噻苯·乙烯利单用及分别与1500、3000 mL/hm^(2)40%乙烯利混用共6个处理,同时以清水处理作为对照,探讨50%噻苯·乙烯利与乙烯利配合使用对麦/油后直播棉脱叶率、吐絮率及产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明,3个试验地点的棉田熟相分别为贪青晚熟、正常熟相和早衰,不同熟相类型棉田对化学脱叶催熟的响应存在较大差异。化学脱叶催熟处理提高了大丰试验点贪青晚熟棉田的脱叶率(药后14、28 d)和吐絮率(药后28 d),高剂量(3000 mL/hm^(2))50%噻苯·乙烯利混用高剂量(3000 mL/hm^(2))40%乙烯利的催熟效果和脱叶效果明显,但药后28 d的脱叶率和吐絮率均低于90%,不能满足机械采收的要求。药后14 d,仅高剂量50%噻苯·乙烯利混用高剂量40%乙烯利可使九江试验点正常熟相棉田的脱叶率和吐絮率显著提高到90%以上;药后28 d,单独使用低剂量(1500 mL/hm^(2))50%噻苯·乙烯利的脱叶率和吐絮率也分别达到96.1%和97.9%。安庆试验点的早衰棉田自然脱叶和吐絮进程较快,所有处理均未表现出脱叶催熟作用。脱叶催熟处理降低了棉花铃质量,但铃数有增加趋势,因此,各类熟相棉田的籽棉产量和皮棉产量不受影响,除马克隆值降低外,脱叶催熟不影响棉纤维品质。综上所述,长江流域麦/油后直播棉种植模式下,考虑到脱叶催熟效果的稳定性及对产量和品质的影响,推荐使用50%噻苯·乙烯利1500 mL/hm^(2)进行脱叶催熟;如棉田出现贪青晚熟状况,用3000 mL/hm^(2)乙烯利配施3000 mL/hm^(2)噻苯·乙烯利可明显提高脱叶催熟效果。In order to optimize the chemical defoliation and ripening technology of direct seedling cotton after wheat/rapeseed harvest cotton in the cotton region of the Yangtze River Basin and promote the transformation of cotton production mode,in this region,the experiments were carried out in Dafeng district of Jiangsu province,Jiujiang city of Jiangxi province,and Anqing city of Anhui province in 2020.Using water as a control,a total of six treatments were set up:1500 mL/ha and 3000 mL/ha of 50%thidiazuron·ethephon applied alone,and their combination with 1500,3000 mL/ha o f 40%ethephon respectively,and the effects of 50%thidiazuron·ethephon combined with ethephon on defoliation rate,boll opening rate,yield and fiber quality of direct seeding cotton after wheat/rapeseed were studied.The results showed that maturity performance of cotton fields at the three sites was late maturity,normal maturity,and premature senescence in turn,response of cotton fields with different maturity performance to chemical defoliant and ripening had obvious difference.The treatments of chemical defoliation and ripening improved the defoliation rate(14 and 28 days after application)and the boll opening rate(28 days after application)in late maturity cotton field at Dafeng district.The combination of 3000 mL/ha of 50%thidiazuron·ethephon with 3000 mL/ha of 40%ethephon had an obvious effect on ripening and defoliation.However,the defoliation rate and boll opening rate at 28 days after this treatment were both lower than 90%,which could not meet the requirements of mechanical harvesting.In Jiujiang city characterized by normal maturity,only the combination of 3000 mL/ha of 50%thidiazuron·ethephon with 3000 mL/ha of 40%ethephon increased the defoliation rate and boll opening rate to more than 90%after 14 days of the treatment.After 28 days of the treatment,the alone application of 1500 mL/ha of 50%thidiazuron·ethephon also created a higher defoliation rate(96.1%)and boll opening rate(97.9%)in this location.Due to the premature senescence in

关 键 词：长江流域棉区 直播棉 脱叶催熟 产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]