2018—2022年温州市1~7岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒危险因素分析  

Analysis of blood lead levels and risk factors of lead poisoning in children aged 1~7 in Wenzhou City from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：徐颖颖 叶小秋 郑薪薪 XU Yingying;YE Xiaoqiu;ZHENG Xinxin(Yuying Children's Hospital,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2023年第4期560-564,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的调查温州市1~7岁儿童血铅水平及铅中毒情况,分析导致儿童铅中毒的危险因素。方法选取2018年1月—2022年12月在温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院接受常规体检的1~7岁儿童作为研究对象,采集其血液标本,应用原子吸收光谱仪检测血液标本血铅水平。采用多因素logistic回归分析1~7岁儿童铅中毒的危险因素。结果1~7岁儿童平均血铅水平为(89.39±28.73)μg/L。logistic回归分析结果显示,男童、父母文化水平低、吮吸手指/啃指甲、咬玩具、住房与主干道距离<50 m、肉类/奶制品摄入不足、长期使用锡壶、父母从事铅相关工作是温州市1~7岁儿童发生铅中毒的危险因素(P<0.05);玩具清洗频率≥1次/周、进食前洗手是儿童发生铅中毒的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论温州市1~7岁儿童血铅水平仍处于较高状态,虽然存在发生铅中毒的风险,但铅中毒发生率呈逐年下降趋势,应引起社会和家长的重视。建议定期检测儿童血铅水平,及早发现引起血铅水平升高的原因,采取针对性的干预措施,从而降低儿童血铅水平,减少铅中毒发生率。Objective To investigate the blood lead level and lead poisoning in children aged 1~7 in Wenzhou City,and to analyze the risk factors of lead poisoning.Methods Children aged 1~7 who received routine physical examination in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January,2018 to December,2022 were selected as subjects.Blood samples were collected and atomic absorption spectrometer was used to detect the blood lead level.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of lead poisoning in children aged 1~7.Results The average blood lead level in children aged 1~7 was(89.39±28.73)μg/L.The results of logistic regression analysis show that male children,parents with low educational level,finger sucking/nail biting,toy biting,housing distance from main road 50 m,insufficient intake of meat/dairy products,long-term use of tin pot,parents engaged in lead related work were the risk factors for lead poisoning in children aged 1~7 years in Wenzhou City(P<0.05).Toys washing frequency≥1 time/week and washing hands before eating were protective factors of lead poisoning in children(P<0.05).Conclusion The blood lead level of children aged 1~7 in Wenzhou City is still high.Although there is a risk of lead poisoning,the incidence of lead poisoning is decreasing year by year,which should arouse the attention of the society and parents.It is suggested that early detection of the causes of elevated blood lead levels and targeted intervention measures should be taken to reduce children's blood lead levels and reduce the incidence of lead poisoning.

关 键 词：1~7岁儿童 血铅水平 铅中毒 危险因素 保护因素 

分 类 号：R135.11[医药卫生—劳动卫生]