新疆特重油氧化催化降粘剂的开发与性能评价  

Development and Performance Evaluation of Oxidation Catalytic Viscosity Reducer for Extra Heavy Oil in Xinjiang

作　　者：郑强强 汪飞 顾福霞 贠红娟 ZHENG Qiangqiang;WANG Fei;GU Fuxia;YUN Hongjuan(Xinjiang Urumqi Station of Eco-environmental Monitoring,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000,China;Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science,Urumqi Xinjiang 830011,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Risk Warning,Urumqi Xinjiang 830011,China;Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Cleaner Production,Urumqi Xinjiang 830011,China;Junggar Desert-oasis Ecotone Station for Scientific Observation and Research of National Environmental Protection,Urumqi Xinjiang 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐生态环境监测站,新疆乌鲁木齐,830000 [2]新疆环境保护科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]新疆环境污染监控与风险预警重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]新疆清洁生产工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [5]国家环境保护准噶尔荒漠绿洲交错区科学观测研究站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆环境保护》2023年第2期38-45,共8页Environmental Protection of Xinjiang

摘　　要：新疆克拉玛依特重油粘度高、流动性差,导致其开发困难。研制出一种新型的氧化催化体系的降粘剂,并对特重油的性质、降粘剂的配方优化、性能评价等进行试验研究。试验结果表明:特重油中胶质、沥青质质量占原油质量的50%左右,其中胶质含量最大达到32%,原油酸值最小低至3.15 mgKOH/g;胶质和沥青质含量大小与原油粘度大小呈现正相关,芳香组分是胶质、沥青质的良溶剂,原油粘度随其含量增加大幅下降;研制的氧化催化体系降粘剂在原油开采注蒸汽过程中发生氧化催化反应,促进胶质和沥青质等高粘度组分裂解成烷烃、芳香烃等低粘度组分;降粘剂最佳配方为:0.1%~0.13%的活性碱(有机碱∶无机碱=1∶1)+0.2%活性剂(SPT、HBO)+0.2%氧化剂(BOH)+0.3%催化剂(THA∶TM=1∶1)+溶剂;降粘剂加入量占比在0.5%~0.8%,氧化催化反应时间在14 h~24 h左右,氧化催化反应温度在150℃~240℃左右,降粘率可达90%以上。The high viscosity and poor fluidity of extra heavy oil in Xinjiang Karamay,had lead to its development difficulties.In this paper,a new type of viscosity reducer for oxidation catalytic system was developed,and the properties of extra heavy oil,formulation optimization of viscosity reducer and performance evaluation were studied.The experimental results showed that:the mass of gum and asphaltene in extra thick oil accounts for about 50%of the crude oil mass,and the the maximum content of gum was 32%,and the minimum acid value of crude oil was 3.15 mgKOH/g.The the size of gum and asphaltene content showed a positive correlation with the crude oil viscosity,and the aromatic components were good solvents for gum and asphaltene,and the crude oil viscosity decreased significantly with the increase of its content.The developed oxidation catalytic system viscosity reducer had oxidation catalytic reaction in the process of steam injection in crude oil production,which promotes the splitting of high viscosity components such as gum and asphaltene into low viscosity components such as alkanes and aromatics.The best formula of viscosity reducers was:0.1%~0.13%active alkali(organic alkali∶inorganic alkali=1∶1)+0.2%activator(SPT,HBO)+0.2%oxidizer(BOH)+0.3%catalyst(THA∶TM=1∶1)+solvent.The proportion of viscosity reducer added is 0.5%~0.8%,the oxidation catalytic reaction time is about 14 h~24 h,the oxidation catalytic reaction temperature was about 150℃~240℃,and the viscosity reduction rate could reach more than 90%.When the viscosity-reducing agent was added in 0.5%~0.8%,the oxidation-catalytic reaction time was about 14 h~24 h,and the oxidation catalytic reaction temperature was about 150℃~240℃,and the viscosity-reducing rate could be more than 90%.

关 键 词：特重油 氧化催化体系 降粘剂 性能评价 

分 类 号：X74[环境科学与工程—环境工程]