保水剂施用量对胶园土壤微生物和土壤酶活性及产量的影响  

Effects of super absorbent polymers dosages on soil microorganism,soil enzyme activities and yield in rubber plantations

作　　者：王纪坤[1,2] 安锋 周立军[1,2] 彭文涛 程琳琳[1,2] 谢贵水 WANG Ji-kun;AN Feng;ZHOU Li-jun;PENG Wen-tao;CHENG Lin-lin;XIE Gui-shuil(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海口571101 [2]海南儋州热带农业生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第7期1424-1431,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系(CARS-33-ZP1);海南省科技项目(ZDYF2020072)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明保水剂对胶园土壤生物活性及橡胶树产量的影响,探索适合开割橡胶树抗旱和高产的保水剂用量,为橡胶树抗旱高产栽培技术研究提供支持。【方法】以15割龄的橡胶树热研7-33-97为材料,采用田间试验,以不施用保水剂为对照(CK),比较不同保水剂施用量(T1:60 g/tree、T2:120 g/tree、T3:180 g/tree、T4:300 g/tree)对胶园土壤pH、水分、养分、微生物数量、酶活性以及橡胶树胶乳产量的影响。【结果】施用保水剂提高了胶园土壤含水量和速效养分含量,但对土壤pH无影响;同时还促进土壤细菌数量、放线菌数量和微生物总量增加,但未改变土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌的总体比例,土壤微生物仍以细菌为主;不同处理土壤酶活性和橡胶树胶乳产量随着保水剂用量增加呈单峰曲线态势。细菌数量、放线菌数量、脲酶活性、转化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、氨态氮含量、速效磷含量、橡胶树干胶产量均随着保水用量增加呈先增后降趋势,且各处理中以T2用量对提高胶园土壤微生物数量和酶活性、增加橡胶树产量效果最佳;与CK相比,T2处理的土壤细菌与放线菌数量分别增加346.42%、191.48%,而土壤真菌数量减少15.31%,土壤脲酶、转化酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高40.01%、15.74%、31.44%,橡胶树干胶产量增加11.99%。【结论】在开割胶园施用保水剂,推荐施用120 g/tree,有利于提高土壤含水量,增加土壤微生物数量和养分含量,促进橡胶树胶增产。【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the effect of super absorbent polymers(SAP)on soil biological activities,and dry rubber yield of rubber plantations and find out the optimal application dosage for rubber plantions of dorught-prone regions.This can provide some theoretical basis for the rubber tree drought resistance cultivation technology.【Method】A fifteen-year-old rubber plantion with the clone Reyan 7-33-97 was used to set out a field randomized block experiment and compare the application of different dosages of SAP(0,60,120,180,300 g/tree)on soil moisture,nutrients,microbial quantity,enzyme activities and the dry rubber yield of the rubber plantation.【Result】The application of super absorbent polymers increased the soil water content and available nutrient content of rubber plantations,but it had no effect on soil pH.At the same time,it significantly promoted the soil bacteria quantity,actinomycetes quantity and total microorganisms,but did not change the overall proportion of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in the soil.Soil enzyme activity and rubber latex yield showed a unimodal curve trend with the increase of SAP dosage.The soil bacteria quantity,actinomycetes quantity,soil urease acvitity,invertase acvitity,catalase acvitity,ammonia nitrogen content,available phosphorus content and the yield of dry rubber showed a trend of firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of SAP amount.The T2 treatment was the most effective,in which the soil microorganisms,enzymatic activity and dry rubber yield showed the best.Compared with CK,the quantity of soil bacteria and actinomycetes increased by 346.42%and 191.48%,respectively,while the quantity of soil fungi decreased by 15.31%,and the soil urease activity,invertase activity,and catalase activity increased by 40.01%and 15.74%,31.44%,respectively,and the yield of the latex increased by 11.99%.【Conclusion】The recommended SAP application dosage for the tapping rubber trees is 120 g/tree,which is beneficial to the increase of s

关 键 词：保水剂 橡胶树 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]