不同种类蜜蜂对设施栽培百香果的授粉效果评价  

Evaluation of facility passion fruit pollination effects of different bee species

作　　者：胡泊[1] 庞春秀 王小媚[1] 周大维 黄学华 蔡昭艳[1] 邓彪[1] 檀业维 洪日新[1] 陆宇明[4] 周桂华 HU Po;PANG Chun-xiu;WANG Xiao-mei;ZHOU Da-wei;HUANG Xue-hua;CAI Zhao-yan;DENG Biao;TAN Ye-wei;HONG Ri-xin;LU Yu-ming;ZHOU Gui-hua(Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530010,China;Beekeeping Instruction Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Nanning 530022,China;Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Dongfangyuan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 537000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院亚热带作物研究所,南宁530010 [3]广西壮族自治区养蜂指导站,南宁530022 [4]广西农业科学院,南宁530007 [5]广西东方缘农业技术有限公司,南宁537000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第7期1482-1491,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科技计划重点研发项目(桂科AB18294008);广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035535);广西农业科学院团队项目(2021YT050);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2021JM10,桂农科2022JM06)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同种类蜜蜂对设施百香果授粉效果的影响,为促进百香果产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。【方法】观察意蜂、中蜂和熊蜂在晴天和雨天对设施栽培“金都百香3号”的授粉行为,测定各授粉处理百香果的坐果率、单果种子数、单果重和品质成分含量等指标,评价不同种类蜜蜂对设施百香果的授粉效果。【结果】设施百香果在晴天12:00左右开花,在雨天延迟约36.00 min;花药翻转完成时间先于柱头下垂时间,在晴天的14:00时或雨天的15:00时柱头与花药接近于同一平面,属于蜜蜂授粉的最佳时机。晴天和雨天意蜂授粉的平均单果种子数分别为193.91和181.93粒,为所有处理中最优。在晴天,意蜂、中蜂和人工授粉处理的平均坐果率均在99.0%以上;在雨天,意蜂授粉处理的平均坐果率分别比中蜂和熊蜂授粉极显著提高29.63%和154.60%(P<0.01,下同)。在晴天,意蜂授粉的平均单果重为107.71 g,分别比人工、中蜂和熊蜂授粉提高29.4%、26.5%和29.3%;在雨天,意蜂授粉的平均单果重为104.78 g,分别比人工和中蜂授粉极显著提高23.1%和32.8%。在晴天和雨天,意蜂授粉果实的平均可溶性固体物含量分别为15.21%和14.87%,均明显高于中蜂和人工授粉相应的处理;平均总糖含量均高于中蜂、熊蜂和人工授粉处理,平均总酸含量低于中蜂授粉处理。【结论】在晴天和雨天,意蜂授粉“金都百香3号”的坐果率、单果种子数、单果重和果实品质均在不同程度上优于中蜂、熊蜂和人工授粉,可作为替代人工授粉的高效授粉媒介在规模化设施百香果生产中推广应用。【Objective】The influence of different species of bees on the pollination of passion fruit cultured in greenhouse was analyzed so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting sustainable development of passion fruit industry.【Method】Greenhouse cultured passion fruit variety‘Jindu Baixiang No.3'was used as the test material,the pollination performances of Apis mellifera ligustica pollination(MP),A.cerana cerana pollination(CP)and Bombus terrestris pollination(BP)were observed on sunny and rainy days,and the fruit-bearing rate,number of single fruit seeds,single fruit weight,quality ingredient content and other indicators were investigated.【Result】The passion fruit bloomed at about 12:00 in sunny days,with a delay of about 36.00 minutes in rainy days.The anther flip was completed prior to the stigma drooped.At 14:00 in sunny days or 15:00 in rainy days,the stigma was close to the same plane of the anther,which was the best time for bees to pollinate.The average numbers of single-fruit seeds pollinated by MP in sunny and rainy days were 193.91 and 181.93 grains,respectively,which were the best among the treatments.In sunny days,the average fruit sitting rate in MP,CP and AP treatments was more than 99.0%.In rainy days,the average fruit sitting rate in MP treatment was 29.63%and 154.60%higher than that of CP and BP respectively and reached extremely significant level(P0.01,the same as below).The average single fruit weight in MP in sunny days was 107.71 g,which was 29.4%,26.5%and 29.3%higher than that in AP,CP and BP,respectively.In rainy days,average single fruit weight in MP was 104.78 g,which was 23.1%and 32.8%higher as compared with AP and CP respectively and reached extremely significant level.In sunny and rainy days,the average soluble solid contents in MP were 15.21%and 14.87%,which were higher than those in CP and AP.The average total sugar content in MP was higher than CP,BP and artificial pollination,and average total acid was lower than CP.【Conclusion】Under sunny and rainy weather co

关 键 词：百香果 设施栽培 蜜蜂授粉 晴天和雨天 产量 果实品质 

分 类 号：S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]