自愿无偿献血者血液报废原因调查研究  

Investigation and Study on the Reasons for Blood Scrapping Among Voluntary Free Blood Donors

作　　者：林金兰 LIN Jinlan(Department of Quality Management,Sanming Central Blood Station,Sanming Fujian 365000,China)

机构地区：[1]三明市中心血站质管科,福建三明365000

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2023年第16期129-132,共4页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的观察自愿无偿献血者血液报废原因。方法将2017年1月—2022年12月三明市中心血站采集无偿献血者血液中报废的原因进行调查分析,旨在为降低血液报废、减少血液浪费提供依据。结果针对历年不合格血液总体报废率情况分析,2018年报废率最高,为14.63%,2021年报废率最低,为8.61%;各年度报废率与2021年比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2017—2022年不合格血液报废原因分析,报废原因主要为脂血因素和感染性不合格,分别占比7.53%和2.19%,其次为采血不足量(0.56%)、抽检报废(0.36%)、其他(0.32%)、过期报废(0.13%)、破袋和渗漏(0.11%),同年各原因分析比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2017—2022年感染性不合格血液总报废率为2.19%,各项传染性标志物报废率从高到低依次为:乙肝表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)(0.65%)>梅毒(syphilis,TP)(0.36%)>丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)(0.27%)>丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransfease,ALT)(0.24%)>核酸混检(TRI-NAT)(0.21%)=乙肝病毒DNA定量检测(hepatit is B virus DNA,HBV-DNA)(0.21%)>人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)(0.17%)>人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒(human T-cell lymphotropic virus,HTLV)(0.09%),同年各原因分析比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本地区自愿无偿献血者中血液报废率较高,而以脂血、感染性不合格、采血不足量等因素最高。因此应当加强三明市中心血站采供血工作人员的相关技能操作,加强质量管理,指导强化献血宣传,引进新技术、新工艺,从而减少血液报废的发生率。Objective To investigate and analyze the reasons for blood scrapping among voluntary and unpaid blood donors.Methods From January 2017 to December 2022,blood collected from unpaid blood donors in Sanming Central Blood Station was investigated and analyzed to provide a basis for reducing blood scrap and blood waste.Results Based on the analysis of the overall scrap rate of unqualified blood over the years,the highest scrap rate in 2018 was 14.63%,and the lowest scrap rate in 2021 was 8.61%.There is a statistically significant difference in the scrap rate between each year and 2021(P<0.05).In the analysis of the reasons for the scrapping of unqualified blood from 2017 to 2022,it was found that the main reasons for scrapping were lipid blood factors and infectious non conformities,accounting for 7.53%and 2.19%,respectively.The following were insufficient blood collection(0.56%),scrapped samples(0.36%),others(0.32%),expired scrap(0.13%),broken bags and leaks(0.11%).The differences in the analysis and comparison of various reasons in the same year were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total scrapping rate of infectious substandard blood from 2017 to 2022 was 2.19%,and the scrapping rates of various infectious markers from high to low were as follows,hepatitis B surface(HBsAg)(0.65%)>syphilis(TP)(0.36%)>hepatitis C virus(HCV)(0.27%)>alanine aminotransfease(ALT)(0.24%)>TRI-NAT(0.21%)=hepatitis B virus DNA(HBV-DNA)(0.21%)>human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(0.17%)>human T-cell lymphotropic virus(HTLV)(0.09%).The differences were statistically significant in the analysis of various causes in the same year(P<0.05).Conclusion The blood scrap rate is relatively high among voluntary blood donors in this region,with factors such as fatty blood,infectious disqualification,and insufficient blood collection being the highest.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the relevant skills and operations of blood collection and supply staff in our station,strengthen quality management,guide and strengthen blood donation promotion,in

关 键 词：自愿无偿献血者 血液报废 原因调查 采血不足量 全血 血浆 

分 类 号：R457[医药卫生—治疗学]