辽西半干旱区玉米秸秆全覆盖免耕栽培技术模式研究  

Research on Full Maize Straw Mulching with No-tilling Mode in the Semi-arid Area in West Liaoning

作　　者：董智[1,2] 侯志研 张晓红[3] 苏建党 董俊 刘洋 白伟[1,2] 冯良山 DONG Zhi;HOU Zhi-yan;ZHANG Xiao-hong;SU Jian-dang;DONG Jun;LIU Yang;BAI Wei;FENG Liang-shan(Institute of Tillage and Cultivation,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161;Liaoning Key Laboratory of Conservation Tillage in Dry Land,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161;Fuxin Town Public Service Center,Fumeng County,Fuxin,Liaoning 123102;Fumeng County Modern Agricultural development Service Center,Fuxin,Liaoning 123100)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省旱地保护性耕作重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110161 [3]阜蒙县阜新镇公共事务服务中心,辽宁阜新123102 [4]阜蒙县现代农业发展服务中心,辽宁阜新123100

出　　处：《辽宁农业科学》2023年第4期1-5,共5页Liaoning Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500703,2022YFD1500603-02);UNDP润田项目(SR-2021-09);辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2021JH2/10200030);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC2007041);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2020QN2406,2021QN2007)。

摘　　要：在辽西地区推广以玉米秸秆覆盖为核心的保护性耕作技术模式是区域农业可持续发展的必须趋势。本研究以秸秆全覆盖免耕定位示范田为研究对象,分析其在全机械条件下的应用效果。结果表明,秸秆全覆盖免耕相较于传统耕作,可有效提高玉米抗倒伏能力,玉米增产10.66%以上,种植纯效益每hm^(2)提高3635元,化肥和水分生产效率分别提高28.10%和10.76%,生产过程中的温室气体排放量减少11.60%、全生育期减排22.10%。该技术模式在辽西地区能够实现玉米增产、农民增收和环境友好。It is a trend to apply and extend the integrated cultivation mode of maize straw mulching combined with low input management for regional agricultural sustainable development in west Liaoning.In this study,based on the technique of whole maize straw mulching,which application effect in mechanical condition is an-alyzed in the whole growth stage of maize.The results showed the NTS mode can effectively improve the lodg-ing resistance of maize,increase maize yield by more than 10.66%,increase maize net benefit by 3635 yuan per hectare,increase chemical fertilizer efficiency by 28.10%and water production efficiency by 10.76%,re-duce greenhouse gas emissions in production process by 11.60%and total greenhouse gas emissions by 22.10%.This full maize straw mulching with No-tilling mode can increase yield,income and environment friendly in western Liaoning province.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆覆盖 免耕 二比空 温室气体排放 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]