空气湿度与土壤含水量耦合对番茄灰霉病的影响  

Effects of Air Humidity and Soil Water Content Coupling on Tomato Gray Mold

作　　者：周洁[1] 李甜竹 刘汝懿 李陈浩 袁泽南 李建明[1] ZHOU Jie;LI Tianzhu;LIU Ruyi;LI Chenhao;YUAN Zenan;LI Jianming(Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,农业农村部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《园艺学报》2023年第8期1779-1792,共14页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2019YFD1002000);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY03-01)。

摘　　要：以‘金棚14-6’番茄为材料,设置2个空气相对湿度水平(高湿:80%~95%;低湿:65%~80%)、3个土壤相对含水量水平(低水:60%~70%;中水:70%~80%;高水:80%~90%),共6个处理,研究其对番茄灰霉病的影响。结果表明:高湿比低湿处理发病早,病情严重且发展速度快;在高湿条件下的发病程度为:高水>中水>低水;在低湿条件下,中水处理的病情发展更缓慢。低湿中水处理的叶片中菌丝出现比高湿高水处理滞后7 d,叶肉组织细胞受到破坏的程度较轻,时间更晚;灰霉菌侵染前期(接种后1 d)叶片各组织结构厚度(除上、下表皮外)随土壤相对含水量的增加均呈上升趋势,侵染后期(5~10 d)高湿高水处理显著低于高湿低水和高湿中水处理,低湿中水则大于低湿低水和低湿高水处理。随灰霉菌的侵染,叶片活性氧含量和抗氧化酶活性相对活跃,高湿下光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率F_(v)/F_(m)、果实品质显著低于低湿各处理。番茄产量以低湿中水处理最高,高湿高水处理最低,各因素处理下灰霉病对番茄产量的影响程度表现为空气相对湿度>土壤相对含水量>两者交互作用。番茄设施栽培中低湿中水条件在一定程度上抑制了灰霉菌的侵染,推迟了发病时间,减轻了发病程度,降低了病害对番茄果实品质、产量的不利影响。In this study,‘Jinpeng 14-6’tomato cultivar was used as the material,and total six treatments according to two air relative humidity levels(high humidity:80%–95%;low humidity:65%–80%)and three soil relative water content levels(low water content:60%–70%;middle water content:70%–80%;high water content:80%–90%)were set out to investigate their effects on the development of tomato gray mold.The results showed that the tomato gray mold appears earlier and developed more severely and faster in the high humidity conditions than in the low humidity ones;the disease severity under high humidity conditions was as follows:high water content>middle water content>low water content;under low humidity conditions,the disease severity developed slower in middle water content treatment.In the low humidity middle soil water content treatment,the appearance of Botrytis cinerea hyphae was seven days later than the high humidity high soil water content treatment and the damage of the mesophyll cells occurred milder and later.In the early stage of gray mold(one day after B.cinerea inoculation),the thickness of every leaf tissue structures(except the upper and lower epidermis)displayed an escalating trend with an increase of soil relative water content;in the late stage of gray mold(5–10 days after inoculation),under high humidity conditions,the thickness of every leaf tissue structures were significantly lower in high soil water content treatment than other treatments and under low humidity conditions,they were larger in middle soil water content treatment compared with others.With the development of B.cinerea infection,the content of reactive oxygen species and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were relatively more active.In the high humidity conditions,the photosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)maximum photochemical efficiency F_(v)/F_(m) and fruit quality were significantly lower than treatments under low humidity conditions.The highest yield was acquired in low humidity middle soil water content treatment and the lowest one was ac

关 键 词：番茄 湿度 灰霉菌 组织结构 抗氧化系统 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]