电信服务业女职工月经异常情况调查  

Investigation on menstrual abnormality status of female employees in telecommunication service industry

作　　者：王姿欢[1] 于常艳[2] 李雪霏 于贵新[1] 叶研[1] 俞文兰[2] WANG Zihuan;YU Changyan;LI Xuefei;YU Guixin;YE Yan;YU Wenlan(Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100020,China;National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,China Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100020 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第4期398-402,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的了解电信服务业女职工月经异常发生情况及可能的影响因素。方法于2020年7—9月,采用整群抽样方法,通过自填式调查问卷对河北省电信服务业女职工近6个月的月经异常情况进行调查,采用《女职工心理健康调查问卷》调查职业压力情况。通过多因素logistic回归模型分析月经异常的可能影响因素。结果共回收有效问卷1202份,有效回收率为94.5%。调查对象平均年龄(36.81±5.44)岁。236人(占19.6%)存在月经异常情况,表现为月经周期紊乱、经量过多或过少、经期过长或过短、淤血、痛经等。logistic回归结果显示:有人工流产史的女职工发生月经异常的危险性为无人工流产史的2.218倍,接触噪声的女职工发生月经异常的危险性为不接触噪声的2.112倍,每周工作时间≥40 h的女职工发生月经异常的危险性为<40 h工作时间组的3.279~4.340倍,职业压力问卷得分每增加1分,发生月经异常的危险性增加至原来的1.076倍(P均<0.05)。结论有人工流产史、接触噪声、每周工作时间过长和职业压力较高是电信服务业女职工发生月经异常的危险因素。建议企业改善工作环境,合理安排工作班制,加强心理健康宣教,促进女职工生殖健康。Objective To understand the occurrence of menstrual abnormalities and possible influencing factors among female employees in the telecommunications service industry.Methods From July to September 2020,a cluster sampling method was used to investigate the menstrual abnormality status of female employees in the telecommunications service industry in Hebei Province in the past 6 months through a self-administered questionnaire.The Female Employee Mental Health Survey Questionnaire was used to investigate occupational stress.A multi-factor logistic regression model was used to analyze the possible influencing factors for menstrual abnormalities.Results A total of 1202 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 94.5%.The average age of the surveyed females was(36.81±5.44)years old.236 females(19.6%)had menstrual abnormalities manifested as menstrual cycle disorders,excessive or insufficient menstrual flow,prolonged or shortened menstrual periods,blood stasis,dysmenorrhea,etc.According to the results of logistic regression,the risk of menstrual abnormalities for female workers with a history of abortion was 2.218 times higher than the risk for female workers without a history of abortion;the risk of menstrual abnormalities for female workers exposed to noise was 2.112 times higher than the risk for female workers who were not exposed to noise;the risk of menstrual abnormalities for female workers with a workweek longer than 40 hours was 3.279-4.340 times higher;and the risk of menstruation abnormalities increased to 1.076 times the initial risk for every 1 point rise in the occupational stress questionnaire score(all P<0.05).Conclusions A history of artificial abortion,exposure to noise,excessive weekly working hours,and higher occupational stress were risk factors for menstrual abnormalities among female employees in the telecommunications service industry.It is recommended for enterprises to improve the working environment,arrange work shifts reasonably,strengthen mental health education,

关 键 词：电信服务业 女职工 月经异常 职业压力 噪声 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R173[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]