不同角色护理人员应对突发公共卫生事件的心理体验现象学研究  

Psychological experiences of different roles of nurses in response to public health emergencies:a phenomenological study

作　　者：赵丽爽 谭丽萍[1] 刘鹏程 黄慧[1] 李泽青 ZHAO Lishuang;TAN Liping;LIU Pengcheng;HUANG Hui;LI Zeqing(Nursing Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215004,China;Blood Purification Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215004,China;School of Nursing,Soochow University School of Medicine,Suzhou,Jiangsu 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属第二医院护理部,江苏苏州215004 [2]苏州大学附属第二医院血液净化中心,江苏苏州215004 [3]苏州大学苏州医学院护理学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第4期452-457,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：苏州市医学重点学科项目(SZXK202102);苏州市科协软科学课题立项项目(无编号)。

摘　　要：目的分析不同角色护理人员应对突发公共卫生事件的心理体验特点,以便为护理人员负向心理制定针对性的干预策略。方法基于信息饱和原则,在2022年7—8月采用目的抽样法对不同角色的护理工作者进行半结构式访谈,运用QSR Nvivo 11.0软件整理、分析访谈资料。结果共纳入18名护理人员进行访谈,其中管理者、非管理者各9名。依据访谈材料确定出4个树状节点:工作感的积极导向、支援过程中的负向体验、负向体验的影响因素和心理调节措施;高频词汇是“问题”“工作”“影响”“心理”“压力”和“沟通”等;在“负向体验的影响因素”树状节点中最重要的子节点是“管理压力”;在“心理调节措施”树状节点中最重要的子节点是“自我释放途径”;在“工作感的积极导向”树状节点中最重要的子节点是“价值感”;在“支援过程中的负向体验”树状节点中最重要的子节点是“担心”。护理管理人员负向消极的矩阵编码单词数占比大于非管理人员,正向积极的矩阵编码单词数占比小于非管理人员。结论突发公共卫生事件中的一线应急护士存在不同程度的负性心理趋向,其中管理人员表现更为突出。应在应急工作中针对护理管理者制定相应的心理调整干预策略。Objective To analyze the psychological experience characteristics of nursing staff with different roles in response to sudden public health emergencies so as to formulate targeted intervention strategies against the negative psychology of nursing staff.Methods Based on the principle of information saturation,purposive sampling was used to select nursing staff with different roles,and semi-structured interviews were conducted from July to August 2022.The interview data were sorted and analyzed by QSR Nvivo 11.0 software.Results A total of 18 nursing staff members were included in this interview,including 9 managers and 9 non-managers.Four tree nodes were determined based on the interview materials:positive orientation of work feelings,negative experience in the support process,influencing factors of negative experience,and psychological adjustment measures.The high-frequency words were“problem”,“work”,“influence”,“psychology”,“pressure”,“communication”,etc.The most important sub-node in the tree node of “influencing factors of negative experience”,“psychological adjustment measures”,“positive orientation of work feelings” and“negative experience in the support process” was “management pressure”,“self-release path”,“sense of value” and “worry”,respectively.The proportion of negative matrix coding words for nursing management personnel was much greater than that for non-management personnel,while the proportion of positive matrix coding words was much smaller than that for non-management personnel.Conclusions There were different degrees of negative psychological tendencies among front-line emergency nurses in sudden public health emergencies,among which management personnel were more prominent.Corresponding psychological adjustment intervention strategies should be formulated for nursing managers in emergency work.

关 键 词：角色 护理人员 突发公共卫生事件 心理体验 Nvivo 现象学研究 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]