基于解释结构建模和交叉影响矩阵相乘法的急性职业中毒事故应急处置研究  

Research on emergency response to acute occupational poisoning accidents based on interpretative structural modeling and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification

作　　者：刘文娇 王志萍[1] 张海东[2] LIU Wenjiao;WANG Zhiping;ZHANG Haidong(School of Public Health,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250012,China;Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational Disease Prevention,Jinan,Shandong 250002,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学公共卫生学院,山东济南250012 [2]山东省职业卫生与职业病防治研究院,山东济南250002

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第4期478-482,共5页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(202012010578)。

摘　　要：目的 通过分析急性职业中毒事故应急处置的影响因素,为相关部门加强急性职业中毒事故应急处置能力提供依据。方法 基于危机管理4 R理论,从应急预备、预案、响应和恢复四个方面,提取急性职业中毒事故应急处置的影响因素,运用解释结构建模(interpretative structural modeling,ISM)确定影响因素的多层递阶层次结构,再通过交叉影响矩阵相乘法(cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification,MICMAC)计算出每个影响因素的驱动力和依赖性,进而提出有针对性的应急处置策略。结果 确定出急性职业中毒事故应急处置的12个影响因素。其中应急预案、应急演练、应急培训、组织调度既是影响急性职业中毒事故应急处置最根本的深层因素,也是驱动力最强的因素;控制毒物、危险区隔离是急性职业中毒事故应急处置中最关键的直接因素。结论 在事故发生后的应急处置中应优先进行毒物控制和危险区的隔离;同时,应加强应急预案、应急演练、应急培训和组织调度等方面的建设。Objective The influencing factors of emergency response to acute occupational poisoning accidents were analyzed in order to provide a basis for relevant departments to strengthen their emergency response capabilities against these accidents.Methods Based on the 4 R theory of crisis management,the influencing factors of emergency response to acute occupational poisoning accidents were extracted from four aspects:emergency preparedness,emergency plan,response,and recovery.The multi-level hierarchical structure of the influencing factors was determined using interpretative structural modeling(ISM),and then the driving force and dependence of each influencing factor were calculated using the cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification(MICMAC),and targeted emergency response strategies were proposed.Results A total of 12 influencing factors for emergency response to acute occupational poisoning accidents were identified.Among them,emergency plans,emergency drills,emergency training,and organizational scheduling were not only the most fundamental,deep-seated factors affecting emergency response to acute occupational poisoning accidents but also the factors with the strongest driving force.Controlling poisons and isolating hazardous areas were the most critical direct factors in the emergency response to acute occupational poisoning accidents.Conclusions In the emergency response to an accident,priority should be given to controlling poisons and isolating hazardous areas.Simultaneously,efforts should be made to strengthen the construction of emergency plans,emergency drills,emergency training,and organizational scheduling.

关 键 词：急性职业中毒 解释结构建模 交叉影响矩阵相乘法 应急处置 影响因素 驱动力 

分 类 号：R135.1[医药卫生—劳动卫生]