碳纤维/铝基复合材料的制备与性能  

Preparation and properties of carbon fiber/aluminum matrix composites

作　　者：李杨 陈存广 刘新华[3,4] 郭志猛[1,2] LI Yang;CHEN Cunguang;LIU Xinhua;GUO Zhimeng(Inst.for Advanced Materials and Technology,Univ.of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Shunde Innovation School,Univ.of Science and Technology Beijing,Foshan 528399,China;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering,Univ.of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing,Univ.of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学新材料技术研究院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学顺德创新学院,广东佛山528399 [3]北京科技大学北京材料基因工程高精尖创新中心,北京100083 [4]北京科技大学材料先进制备技术教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《海军工程大学学报》2023年第4期41-47,共7页Journal of Naval University of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(92066205,52271020);佛山市人民政府科技创新专项资金资助项目(BK22BE007)。

摘　　要：电磁发射具有隐蔽性好、发射速度快等特点,近年来得到快速发展,具有成为新一代远程精确打击武器的巨大潜力,但是在电磁场、热力场等多场耦合的极端环境下,目前所使用的电枢难以满足服役要求。为此,以长径比为10∶1的碳纤维和气雾化的纯铝粉为原料,结合冷等静压成形、烧结及热挤压工艺制备了碳纤维/铝基自润滑复合材料电枢,对比了不同碳纤维含量的复合材料的微观组织、力电性能及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:当碳纤维含量≤8 wt%时,碳纤维均匀分布于铝基体中,且平行于挤压方向排布,具有明显方向性;碳纤维的添加提升了基体的强度,并且使复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损量明显低于纯铝基体,对摩副的粘铝量也随之减少;当碳纤维含量达到10 wt%,复合材料的力电性能明显下降;当碳纤维含量为8 wt%时,复合材料的综合性能最好,抗拉强度为219 MPa,导电率为49.2%IACS,摩擦系数为0.22。Under the extreme environment of electromagnetic field,thermal field and other multi-field coupling,the armature currently used cannot meet the service requirements.Therefore,self-lubricating aluminum matrix composites with pure aluminum powder atomized and carbon fiber in length-diameter ratio of 10:1 were prepared by cold isostatic pressing,sintering and hot extrusion.The micro structure,mechanical and electrical properties,friction and wear properties of the composites with different contents of carbon fiber were contrasted.The results show that when the carbon fiber content is less than 8 wt%,the carbon fibers are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix and present obvious orientation parallel to the extrusion direction.With the addition of carbon fiber,the strength of the matrix is improved,and the friction coefficient and abrasion loss of the composites are significantly lower than those of the pure aluminum matrix,and the amount of aluminum adhering to the friction pair is also reduced.However,when the carbon fiber content reaches 10 wt%,the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite decrease sharply.When the carbon fiber content is 8 wt%,the composite has the optimal comprehensive properties,including 219 MPa tensile strength,49.2%IACS electrical conductivity and 0.22 friction coefficient.

关 键 词：碳纤维 自润滑 摩擦磨损 铝基复合材料 

分 类 号：TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]