福州市城区PM_(2.5)及其金属组分污染特征和健康风险评估  

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of PM_(2.5) and its metal components in urban areas of Fuzhou City

作　　者：康池杉 宋睿涵 吴传城[1] 康淑玲 何陈周 向建军[1] 何欣妍 肖芸 刘宝英[1] KANG Chishan;SONG Ruihan;WU Chuancheng;KANG Shuling;HE Chenchou;XIANG Jianjun;HE Xinyan;XIAO Yun;LIU Baoying(Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350108,China;Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou,Fujian 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学,福建福州350108 [2]福州市疾病预防控制中心,福建福州350000

出　　处：《海峡预防医学杂志》2023年第2期9-13,共5页Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01722);福建医科大学校级大学生创新创业项目(C21062)。

摘　　要：目的分析低浓度暴露地区福州市城区大气PM_(2.5)及金属组分污染特征并进行健康风险评估。方法2016年4月16日至2021年12月17日,选取福州市城区2个PM_(2.5)监测点进行每月定期采样,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定PM_(2.5)中的锑(Sb)、铝(Al)、砷(As)、铍(Be)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)、铊(Tl)等12种元素浓度,按美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的吸入风险评估法进行PM_(2.5)中金属组分致癌性和非致癌性风险评估。结果福州市城区PM_(2.5)日均浓度为38.50±17.88μg/m^(3),达标率79.9%(385/482);PM_(2.5)中12种元素平均水平从高到低为:Al>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>Ni>Se>Sb>Cd>Tl>Hg>Be,居前3位的Al、Pb、Mn占金属组分的95.1%,除Cr浓度超过国家环境大气质量标准111倍外,As达标率98.5%(475份),其它金属均达标;对Cr、As、Ni、Cd、Be致癌风险评价显示,福州市城区中成人群体致癌风险(ILCR值)为3.02×10^(-5),儿童群体为1.35×10^(-5),均有潜在致癌风险,风险大小依次为Cr>As>Cd>Ni>Be,成人人群中Cr、As的ILCR值分别为2.31×10^(-5)、6.04×10^(-6),其中ILCR值≥1.0×10^(-6)的占比分别为100.0%、73.4%;儿童人群中分别为1.03×10^(-5)、2.70×10^(-6),其中ILCR值≥1.0×10^(-6)的占比分别为62.9%、20.5%;非致癌风险评价中,除了儿童时期Mn的HQ>1外,其它金属HQ均≤1。结论福州市城区PM_(2.5)及金属组分污染较轻;PM_(2.5)中金属组分可增加福州市城区人群潜在致癌风险,其中Cr、As危害较大。Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics of atmospheric PM_(2.5)and metal components in urban areas of Fuzhou City(indicate as low concentration exposure areas),and to perform a health risk assessment.Methods From April 16,2016,to December 17,2021,two PM_(2.5)monitoring sites in urban areas of Fuzhou City were selected for regular monthly sampling.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)was used to determine concentrations of 12 elements including antimony(Sb),aluminum(Al),arsenic(As),beryllium(Be),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),manganese(Mn),nickel(Ni),selenium(Se),and thallium(Tl).Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of metal components in PM_(2.5)was conducted according to the inhalation risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).Results The daily average PM_(2.5)concentration in Fuzhou City was 38.50±17.88μg/m3,with a compliance rate of 79.9%(385/482).The average levels of 12 elements in PM_(2.5),from highest to lowest,were Al>Pb>Mn>Cr>As>Ni>Se>Sb>Cd>Tl>Hg>Be,with the top three elements of Al,Pb,and Mn accounting for 95.1%of the metal components.Except for Cr,whose concentration exceeded 111 times higher than the national ambient air quality standard,and As,whose compliance rate was 98.5%(475 samples),all other metals met the standard.Carcinogenic risk evaluation of Cr,As,Ni,Cd,and Be showed that the carcinogenic risk(ILCR value)was 3.02×10^(5)for the adult population and 1.35×10^(5)for the child population in the urban area of Fuzhou City.The order of carcinogenic risk from highest to lowest was Cr>As>Cd>Ni>Be.In the adult population,the ILCR values of Cr and As were 2.31×10^(5)and 6.04×10^(6),of which 100.0%and 73.4%had ILCR values≥1.0×10^(6),respectively.In the child population,the ILCR values of Cr and As were 1.03×10^(5)and 1.03×10^(5),of which 62.9%and 20.5%had ILCR values≥1.0×10^(6),respectively.In the evaluation of noncarcinogenic risk based on hazard quotient(HQ),all metal HQ were≤1,ex

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 金属污染 致癌风险 吸入风险评估法 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]