宁夏地区某规模化奶牛场泌乳奶牛急性乳房炎病原的分离及耐药性分析  

Isolation and drug resistance analysis of acute mastitis pathogens in lactating cows from a large-scale dairy farm in Ningxia region

作　　者：赵胜楠 郭亚男 闫背背 宗亮泽 梁小军 何生虎[3] ZHAO Shengnan;GUO Yanan;YAN Beibei;ZONG Liangze;LIANG Xiaojun;HE Shenghu(Institute of Animal Science,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611100,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,银川750002 [2]四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都611100 [3]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [4]宁夏回族自治区动物疾病预防控制中心,银川750021

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2023年第16期77-82,87,共7页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF03024;2022BBF03025);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2022AAC05045)。

摘　　要：为探明宁夏地区某规模化奶牛场泌乳奶牛发生急性乳房炎的病原,并找到合适的抗生素治疗,试验对来自8头患急性乳房炎泌乳奶牛的乳样进行细菌分离培养与初步鉴定,提取细菌DNA后,采用PCR方法对分离菌的16S rRNA基因进行扩增,根据序列相似性比对与系统发育树构建结果确定分离菌的菌种,并通过药物敏感试验对分离菌的耐药性进行分析。结果表明:从8份乳样中分离出8株菌株(NX-1~NX-8),其中分离菌株NX-1、NX-2为肺炎克雷伯菌,分离菌株NX-3为粪肠球菌,分离菌株NX-4、NX-5、NX-6、NX-7、NX-8为大肠杆菌;8株分离菌株均对头孢曲松、氨苄西林、哌拉西林、庆大霉素、阿米卡星敏感;同种菌株对同种抗生素的耐药情况一致,其中2株肺炎克雷伯菌分离株(NX-1、NX-2)均对头孢唑啉、米诺环素耐药;粪肠球菌分离株(NX-3)对氨曲南、替加环素、左氧氟沙星耐药,5株大肠杆菌分离株(NX-4~NX-8)均对氨曲南耐药。说明宁夏地区某规模化奶牛场泌乳奶牛发生急性乳房炎的主要病原是肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌和大肠杆菌,其中大肠杆菌所占比例最高,可使用头孢曲松、氨苄西林、哌拉西林、庆大霉素、阿米卡星对患病奶牛进行治疗。In order to explore the pathogen of acute mastitis in lactating cows in a large-scale dairy farm in Ningxia region,and to find appropriate antibiotic treatment,in the experiment,bacterial isolation and preliminary identification of milk samples were carried out from eight lactating cows with acute mastitis;after extracting bacterial DNA,the 16S rRNA gene of isolated bacteria was amplified by PCR.According to the results of sequencing,similarity comparison and phylogenetic tree construction,the species of isolated bacteria were determined.Bacterial drug susceptibility test was used to analyze the resistance of the bacteria.The results showed that eight strains(NX-1-NX-8)were isolated from eight milk samples,among which NX-1 and NX-2 were Klebsiella pneumoniae,NX-3 were Enterococcus faecalis and NX-4,NX-5,NX-6,NX-7 and NX-8 were Escherichia coli.All eight isolated strains were sensitive to ceftriaxone,ampicillin,piperacillin,gentamicin,and amikacin.The resistance of the same strain to same antibiotics was consistent;among them,two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae(NX-1,NX-2)were resistant to cefazoline and minocycline;strain of Enterococcus faecalis(NX-3)was resistant to aztreonam,tigecycline,and levofloxacin;five strains of Escherichia coli(NX-4-NX-8)were all resistant to aztreonam.The pathogens of acute mastitis in lactating cows on a large-scale dairy farm in Ningxia region were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli.Among them,Escherichia coli accounted for the largest proportion,and ceftriaxone,ampicillin,piperacillin,gentamicin,and amikacin could be used to treat affectedcows.

关 键 词：奶牛 急性乳房炎 分离 鉴定 药物敏感试验 

分 类 号：S858.26[农业科学—临床兽医学]