环境温湿度及玉米秸秆日粮对东亚飞蝗生长状况的影响  

Effects of ambient temperature and humidity and corn straw diet on the growth status of Locusta migratoria manilensis

作　　者：李思宇 邱慧 史豆豆 苗阳阳 常峰 曲善民[1,2] LI Siyu;QIU Hui;SHI Doudou;MIAO Yangyang;CHANG Feng;QU Shanmin(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319;Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing 163319,China;Heilongjiang Yellow River Energy Development Co.,Ltd.,Daqing 163319;Daqing Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Daqing 163319)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省寒区饲料资源高效利用与营养调控重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]黑龙江黄河能源开发有限公司,黑龙江大庆163319 [4]大庆市林业和草原局,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2023年第16期124-128,140,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业项目(201910223022);大庆市新能源领域“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021BD05)。

摘　　要：为了将玉米秸秆作为日粮用于东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria manilensis)的养殖中,实现“以害治废,害废变宝”,试验首先采用正交试验设计探究不同温度水平(23℃、28℃、33℃)和相对湿度水平[低湿度(相对湿度20%~30%)、中湿度(相对湿度50%~60%)、高湿度(相对湿度80%~90%)]下东亚飞蝗29 d的增重情况(体重增长指数)和成活率,然后基于蝗虫嗜食禾本科青绿幼嫩牧草茎叶的习性和营养需求,以及尽可能消纳更多玉米秸秆的原则设计日粮配方,采用随机区组设计将450只3龄东亚飞蝗蝗蝻随机分为5组(A、B、C、D、E组),30只/网箱,1个网箱为1个重复,每组3个重复,A组饲喂100%苜蓿草粉,B组饲喂100%玉米秸秆粉,C组饲喂83%玉米秸秆粉+12%苜蓿草粉+5%蔗糖,D组饲喂95%玉米秸秆粉+5%蔗糖,E组饲喂100%青绿黑麦草,试验期为29 d,试验结束后测定在适宜的养殖温度和湿度下各组日粮总消耗量、成活率、总增重、料重比和增重成本,研究玉米秸秆日粮对东亚飞蝗生长状况和养殖效益的影响。结果表明:东亚飞蝗在28℃、低湿度(相对湿度20%~30%)条件下体重增长指数和成活率最高;5组日粮总消耗量表现为E组>C组>B组>D组>A组,成活率表现为E组>C组>D组>B组>A组,总增重表现为E组>C组>D组>B组>A组,料重比表现为A组>B组>D组>C组>E组,增重成本表现为A组>D组>E组>C组>B组,C组和E组的日粮总消耗量、成活率、总增重均显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),增重成本较为接近;其中C组在具有较高养殖效益的同时,可有效消纳玉米秸秆。说明东亚飞蝗的适宜生长条件为温度28℃、相对湿度20%~30%;在此条件下,用83%玉米秸秆粉+12%苜蓿草粉+5%蔗糖饲喂东亚飞蝗,可充分利用蝗虫消纳玉米秸秆,并为东亚飞蝗养殖带来较高的效益。In order to use corn straw as a diet in the culture of Locusta migratoria manilensis,it is possible to realize"controlling waste by damaging waste and transforming waste into treasure".Firstly,orthogonal experimental design was used to investigate the 29-day weight gain(body mass gain index)and survival rate of Locusta migratoria manilensis at different temperature levels(23 C,28℃,33℃)and relative humidity levels(low humidity[relative humidity 20%-30%],medium humidity[relative humidity 50%-60%],and high humidity[relative humidity 80%-90%J).Then,based on the habit and nutritional requirements of locust feeding on young grass stems and leaves of the Gramineae family,as well as the principle of consuming as much com straw as possible,a diet formula was designed.A random block design was used to randomly divide 4503-day-old Locusta migratoria manilensis hoppers,into 5 groups(group A,group B,group C,group D and group E)with 30 animals per cage,1 cage as I replicate and 3 replicates per group.Group A was fed 100%alfalfa meal,group B was fed 100%corn straw meal,and group C was fed 83%corn straw meal+12%alfalfa meal+5%sucrose,group D was fed with 95%corn straw powder and 5%sucrose,while group E was fed with 100%green ryegrass.The experiment lasted for 29 days.The total dietary consumption,survival rate,total weight gain,feed to weight ratio and weight gain cost of each group were measured under appropriate breeding temperature and humidity.The effects of corn straw diet on the growth status and aquaculture benefits of Locusta migratoria manilensis was studied.The results showed that the weight gain index and survival rate of Locusta migratoria manilensis were the highest under condition of 28 C and low humidity(relative humidity 20%-30%).The total dietary consumption of 5 groups was characterized by group E>group C>group D>group B>group A,and the survival rate was characterized by group E>group C>group B>group D>group A.The total weight gain of individuals was characterized by group E>group C>group D>group B>group A,

关 键 词：秸秆日粮 温度 湿度 成活率 东亚飞蝗 资源化利用 

分 类 号：S894.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]