法律保留原则的普通法映像  

“Prescribed by Law”as a Requirement for the Limitations on Fundamental Rights in Common Law Jurisdictions

作　　者：杨晓楠[1] Yang Xiaonan(Law School,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院,广州510275

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2023年第9期39-49,157,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“完善特别行政区司法制度和法律体系研究”(23ZDA121)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：法律保留原则是一个源于德国行政法学的概念,长期被认为缺乏普通法上的对应物。然而,法律保留所基于国家权力影响公民权利和自由的正当性论证及分权原则,为现代法治国家所共享。在国际和区域人权公约基本权利限制框架下,大陆法与普通法国家人权保护原则相互交织、相互影响,各国宪法文本和实践呈现出某种趋同性。穿越漫长的欧洲中世纪历史,法律保留原则或可与正当法律程序条款、法定性原则找寻到共同的思想足迹;透过比较法的万花筒,现代法律保留原则在合宪性要求下辐射出形式与实质两个面向,正当法律程序条款在程序要件上加入实质要件,人权限制的法定性原则突破形式主义的桎梏,具化为防止武断权力、可预见性等要求。现代法治原则在大陆法和普通法国家呈现出的斑斓映像,可谓异流同源、殊途同归。Statutory reservation(prescribed by law)is regarded as a concept borrowed from German administrative law,without an exact counterpart in common law.Statutory reservation is based on the requirements of the justified state powers and the separation of powers which are shared in modern countries including common law jurisdictions.Under the framework of international human rights covenants,the mechanisms of constitutional review in the world interact with each other and share some common features eventually.From the perspective of historical studies and comparative law,the principles of due process of law which includes substantive and procedural requirements in American Constitution and legality in commonwealth countries which aim to prevent the arbitrary powers and provide with foreseeability could be thought as paralleling concepts of statutory reservation,with the same origins and ends.

关 键 词：法律保留 基本权利 正当程序 合法性原则 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]