重金属废水处理技术研究进展  

Treatment technology and principle of heavy metal wastewater

作　　者：樊小磊 詹作泰 高柏[1,2] 张益硕 孙占学[1,2] FAN Xiaolei;ZHAN Zuotai;GAO Bai;ZHANG Yishuo;SUN Zhanxue(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;School of Water Resource and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;Jiangxi Bureau of Geology,Nanchang 330000,China;Jiangxi Geo-Engineering Investment Group Ltd.,Nanchang 330000,China;Nuclear Industry Eastern China Construction Engineering Group Co.Ltd.,Nanchang 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,江西南昌330013 [3]江西省地质局,江西南昌330000 [4]江西省地质建设投资集团有限公司,江西南昌330000 [5]核工业华东建设工程集团有限公司,江西南昌330000

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2023年第4期112-127,共16页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41162007,41362011)。

摘　　要：废水中的重金属具有难降解性、长期积累性、毒害性、代谢困难及隐蔽性等特点,对生态环境和人类健康都构成了风险。目前常用的重金属废水处理方法包括稀释法、化学沉淀法、混凝-絮凝法及吸附法,本文对这些方法的除重金属机理、应用优缺点及进展进行了详细介绍,指出其普遍存在运行成本高、处理不彻底、可能造成二次污染等问题。认为废水处理-重金属回收等联合处理技术才能够解决目前复合污染问题,并取得良好的经济和社会效益;还应加强水处理技术机理研究,同时完善重金属废水修复工艺,开发出适用于实际排放的重金属含量范围内废水处理技术。另外,需在易受污染区域建立长期的重金属废水环境检测生态站,为重金属废水修复提供基础保障;应注重水处理技术评价的环境效应,避免二次污染。Heavy metals in wastewater have the characteristics of refractory,long-term accumulation,toxicity,metabolic difficulties and concealment,which poses a risk to the ecological environment and human health.At present,the commonly heavy metal wastewater treatment methods include dilution method,chemical precipitation method,coagulation-flocculation method and adsorption method.In this paper,the mechanism of heavy metal removal,application advantages and disadvantages and progress of these methods are introduced in detail.It is pointed out that there are some problems such as high operating cost,incomplete treatment and possible secondary pollution.It is believed that the combined treatment technology of wastewater treatment-heavy metal recovery can solve the current compound pollution problem and achieve good economic and social benefits.It is also necessary to strengthen the research on the mechanism of water treatment technology,improve the repair process of heavy metal wastewater,and develop a wastewater treatment technology within the range of heavy metal content suitable for actual discharge.In addition,it is necessary to establish a long-term ecological station for environmental detection in vulnerable areas to provide basic guarantee for the remediation of heavy metal wastewater.Attention should be paid to the environmental effects in water treatment technology evaluation to avoid secondary pollution.

关 键 词：重金属废水 水污染 废水处理 化学沉淀法 混凝-絮凝法 吸附法 重金属回收 联合工艺 二次污染 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TF805.2[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]