区块链DPoS共识机制改进研究  

Research on Improvement of Blockchain DPoS Consensus Mechanism

作　　者：张星星 何利文[1] ZHANG Xing-xing;HE Li-wen(Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《计算机技术与发展》2023年第9期78-82,共5页Computer Technology and Development

摘　　要：区块链共识算法可用于增强物联网安全性,提高网络节点之间的协作效率。委托权益证明(Delegated Proof of Stake,DPoS)可以同时满足低成本和高效率的要求,提高节点协作的服务质量。然而,协作节点的恶意攻击、自私行为和投票积极性不高都会影响DPoS的共识过程。针对这些挑战,该文对DPoS共识机制进行了改进,为了提高节点的投票积极性,提出了一种信任值模型,根据节点行为将信用评价指标分为“交易情况”“性能”“信用级别”三个一级指标以及对应的二级指标,并采用动态分配二级指标权重的方法对节点信任值进行计算,从而使选出的节点更加可信。同时,针对恶意节点以及自私行为,提出了一种基于高斯混合模型的异常节点剔除算法,对投票数据进行划分,计算其混合高斯概率密度值,并设定阈值,将低于阈值的节点剔除,从而识别并剔除异常数据。相对于传统的DPoS,改进后的DPoS节点出块速率以及异常节点剔除率都有显著提升。The blockchain consensus algorithm can be used to enhance the security of the Internet of Things and improve the cooperation efficiency between network nodes.Delegated Proof of Stake(DPoS)can meet the requirements of low cost and high efficiency at the same time,and improve the service quality of node collaboration.However,malicious attacks,selfish behavior and low voting enthusiasm of cooperative nodes will affect the consensus process of DPoS.In response to these challenges,we improve the DPoS consensus mechanism.In order to improve the voting enthusiasm of nodes,a trust value model is proposed.According to the behavior of nodes,credit evaluation indicators are divided into three first-level indicators:“transaction status”“performance”“credit level”and the corresponding second-level indicators.The method of dynamically allocating the weight of the second-level indicators is used to calculate the trust value of nodes,which makes the selected node more reliable.At the same time,aiming at malicious nodes and selfish behaviors,an outlier removal algorithm based on Gaussian mixture model is proposed,which divides the voting data,calculates its Gaussian mixture probability density value,and sets a threshold to remove nodes below the threshold,so as to identify and remove outlier data.Compared with the traditional DPoS,the improved DPoS has significantly improves node block rate and exception node rejection rate.

关 键 词：区块链 DPoS共识机制 信任值模型 高斯混合模型 共识节点 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]