先进核能技术中的热管应用  

Heat pipe applications for advanced nuclear energy technology

作　　者：李衍智 都家宇 吴莘馨[1] 孙立斌 闵琪 LI Yanzhi;DU Jiayu;WU Xinxin;SUN Libin;MIN Qi(Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education,Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,先进反应堆工程与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第8期1173-1183,共11页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51976104)。

摘　　要：在碳中和大背景下,能源结构转型已经成为世界能源体系发展的大趋势。核能能够有效填补煤炭减退过程中的电力及热力缺口,同时实现电力和供热领域的低碳化,具有布局灵活、应用广泛、不受气候环境和市场供应影响等优点,是保障国家能源安全的重要手段。热管是一种非能动的高效换热元件,具有运行温度范围广、结构紧凑、工作稳定可靠和安全性高等优点,应用于航空航天、能源和化工等多领域。热管多领域、多尺度、多环节地服务核工业,在先进核能发展进程中发挥了重要的作用。该文对先进核能概念设计和先进核能应用中的热管技术进行了综述,详细阐述了高温金属热管和热管冷却反应堆的设计概念和应用前景,介绍了核安全设施和核能城市服务设施中的热管,并提出先进热管技术展望。[Significance]Aiming at carbon neutrality,energy structure transformation and upgrading has become a trend for global energy system progress.Nuclear energy can effectively fill the power and heat supply gap during coal substitution.It has the advantages of a flexible layout,wide application,and insensitivity to climate change and the global market,which ensures national energy security.A heat pipe(HP)is a passive and efficient heat exchange element with a wide temperature range,stable and reliable performance,and high security.It is ubiquitously applied in the aerospace,energy and chemical industries,as a solar collector,for electronic cooling,and in other fields.HPs are irreplaceable in advanced nuclear energy with multi-domain,multi-scale,and multi-section applications.Therefore,existing studies on HPs must be summarized for advanced nuclear technology.[Progress] According to operation temperature,HP applications in nuclear technology are classified into three parts:nuclear power/propulsion systems,unclear safety facilities,and nuclear urban service.First,heat pipe-cooled reactors(HPRs)use alkali metal high-temperature HPs to passively export the core heat,which has the advantages of inherent safety and storage and transportation.Because of a long phase transition during startup and the unraveling alkali metal dynamic and heat transfer process in the steady state and the transitory state,the startup characteristic and heat transfer performance of alkali metal high-temperature HPs have been the difficult part of HPRs development.To adapt to different energy needs,the designs of HPRs ranging from kilowatts to megawatts and the corresponding thermoelectric conversion schemes have been proposed.HPRs will have broad prospects in aerospace,ship power,deep sea exploration,land-based power supplies and other fields.Second,with passive characteristics,an HP is a better technical choice for safety facilities.In nuclear power plants,separated HPs have been applied to passive heat removal systems,passive emergency core coo

关 键 词：热管 先进核能技术 热管冷却反应堆 碳中和 

分 类 号：TL424[核科学技术—核技术及应用]