“双碳”背景下传统化石能源脱碳制氢增值化利用技术  

Decarbonization,hydrogen production,and value-added utilization of conventional fossil fuels under the background of"double-carbon"

作　　者：俞和胜[1] 祁海鹰[2] 谭忠超 YU Hesheng;QI Haiying;TAN Zhongchao(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Mechanical&Mechatronics Engineering,University of Waterloo,Waterloo N2L 3G1,Canada)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学化工学院,徐州221116 [2]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [3]滑铁卢大学机械与机电工程系,加拿大滑铁卢N2L3G1

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第8期1226-1235,共10页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项项目(Y2019-I-0022-0021);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878655)。

摘　　要：碳达峰和碳中和战略目标对全球经济与社会发展意义非凡。能源动力行业是中国二氧化碳排放大户,也是构建新型能源系统与产业革命的主战场。日趋成熟的碳捕集、利用和封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage,CCUS)技术因高成本、高能耗面临产业界的强大阻力,转变能源结构至关重要,然而中国的资源禀赋和能源现状决定未来一段时间仍将继续依赖传统化石燃料。该文分析了催化裂解技术、碳材料和氢气利用、燃氢发电等多项前沿技术的可行性,提出了一个实现化石燃料高效清洁利用的革命性技术路线,以期高效、低排放、低成本地制备氢气和高附加值的碳材料,实现基于燃氢轮机的零排放发电。该技术路线有望解决相关能源动力企业的碳排放技术与经济难题,助力“双碳”目标实现。[Significance]China's strategic goals of"carbon peaks"and"carbon neutrality"will have a significant impact on the country's economic and social development despite the challenges along the way.The energy and power industry is an important player in carbon dioxide emissions in China and the main battlefield for constructing new energy systems and initiating relevant industrial revolutions.Despite the increasing maturity of carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technologies,their deployment faces strong resistance from the industry because of the high cost and energy consumption.For example,the cost of carbon capture alone ranges between 260 and 280 RMB/t,corresponding to an increase in utility cost of 57.51%to 93.38%,depending on the region.More importantly,the planet earth has a physical limit for carbon storage,and an alternative technical route is needed to achieve cost-effective zero-carbon emissions.Nonetheless,despite the importance of constructing new energy systems,China's energy resources determine that we will continue to rely on traditional fossil fuels for decades to come.[Progress]Therefore,this study analyzes the feasibility of state-of-the-art technologies,such as catalytic conversion,carbon material and hydrogen utilization,and hydrogen-fired power generation.This study proposes the use of coal,gasoline,natural gas,and biomass as chemicals rather than fuels.The"fuels"are first converted into hydrogen-carbon chemicals and then decomposed into elemental carbon and hydrogen by catalytic conversion.The resultant elemental carbon is upgraded into high-value carbon materials,such as carbon nanotubes,graphene,and carbon fibers,which can be used for battery production.Meanwhile,hydrogen is used for energy production through combustion and fuel cells.The batteries produced using carbon materials can also support decentralized energy and energy storage from power plants.Regarding hydrogen-based energy production,developed countries,such as the USA,and Japan,have developed hydrogen-fired power generatio

关 键 词：双碳 能源动力 脱碳 制氢 新能源系统 

分 类 号：TK1[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]