灌区量测水方法与技术研究进展  

Research Progress on Water Measurement Methods and Techniques in Irrigation Area

作　　者：邵帅超 章少辉[1] 张凯 刘建丽 SHAO Shuai-chao;ZHANG Shao-hui;ZHANG Kai;LIU Jian-li(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第9期1-7,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900804);中国水利水电科学研究院创新团队项目(ID0145B022021);中国水利水电科学研究院专项项目(ID0145B042021)。

摘　　要：精准的灌区量测水方法与技术是减少灌区无效弃水,保障灌区用水安全的重要手段。针对灌区明渠量测水方法与技术,系统阐述了水工建筑物量水、特设量水设备量水、流速—面积法量水和水位—流量法量水4种方法的研究进展,归纳分析了4种量测水方法的适用条件及量测精度,阐述了不同场景下明渠量测水方法应用情况。结果表明:配备水位传感器等设备的量水建筑物为数据获取与传输提供了便利;优化建筑物结构特征可提升建筑物适用范围和测量精度,推动了特设量水设备技术发展。流速—面积法因量测精度高常用于校准其他量测水方法,但其操作复杂、耗时长导致测流效率较低,随着超声波等技术日趋成熟,可用以复杂流态流量的测量工作;流速分布规律作为流速—面积法量水的基础,利用流速分布规律可建立点流速与断面平均流速的关系,进而通过点流速获取断面流量。水位—流量法受断面参数影响显著,仅对特定工况可用,因此难以推广。利用机器学习方法处理大量水位与流量关系的历史数据对水位预测流量提供了数据处理手段。最后,探讨了非接触式量测水技术以及模型算法对流量预测的发展前景,结合目前研究基础和实际需求对未来的研究方向进行了讨论,以期为进一步提高量测水精度、降低量测水布设设备成本等方面提供有价值的参考依据。Accurate water measurement methods and technology in irrigation areas are important means to reduce invalid waste water in irrigation areas and ensure water safety in the irrigation area.Aiming at the methods and techniques of open channel water measurement in irrigation areas,this paper systematically expounds the research progress of four methods of hydraulic structure water measurement,special water measurement equipment water measurement,velocity-area method water measurement,and water level-flow method water measurement,summarizes and analyzes the applicable conditions and measurement accuracy of the four water measurement methods,and expounds the application of open channel water measurement methods in different scenarios.The results show that the water-measuring buildings equipped with water level sensors and other equipment provide convenience for data acquisition and transmission.Optimizing the structural characteristics of buildings can improve the scope of application and measurement accuracy of buildings,and promote the development of special water measuring equipment technology.The flow velocity-area method is often used to calibrate other water measurement methods because of its high measurement accuracy,but its operation is complicated and time-consuming,resulting in low flow measurement efficiency.With the maturity of ultrasonic technology,it can be used for the measurement of complex flow rates.The velocity distribution law is the basis of the velocity-area method for measuring water.The relationship between the point velocity and the average velocity of the section can be established by using the velocity distribution law,and then the section flow can be obtained by the point velocity.The water level-flow method is significantly affected by the section parameters and is only available for specific working conditions,so it is difficult to promote.The machine learning method is used to process a large number of historical data on the relationship between water level and flow,which provides a data

关 键 词：灌区量水 测流 流量测量 流速分布 模型模拟 研究进展 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程] TK313[农业科学—农业工程]