不同覆盖对山地黄壤区表层土壤性质及柑橘品质的影响  

Effects of Coverage on Surface Soil Properties and Citrus Quality in Mountainous Yellow Soil Areas

作　　者：余高 陈芬 田霞 罗有亮 谢婉莹 YU Gao;CHEN Fen;TIAN Xia;LUO You-iang;XIE Wang-yin(Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,Guizhou Province,China;Guizhou Jingyuan Technology Co.,Ltd,Tongren 565300,)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,贵州铜仁554300 [2]贵州精源科技有限公司,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第9期25-31,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室(黔科合平台人才【2020】2003);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字【2022】067号);铜仁市科技支撑计划项目(铜市科研【2020】81号);铜仁学院硕士点及学科建设研究项目(Trxyxwdxm-036);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310665032,202210665034)。

摘　　要：为探明不同覆盖材料对山地黄壤区柑橘园土壤性质和柑橘果实品质的影响,以“爱媛38号”柑橘为研究对象,研究地面覆盖白色地膜(T1)、黑色地膜(T2)、园艺地布(T3)和玉米秸秆(T4)4种覆盖对柑橘园表层土壤养分、酶活性及柑橘产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:与不覆盖(CK)相比,除T4处理显著提高了果园土壤pH值外,T1、T2和T3处理均显著降低了土壤pH值;4种覆盖处理均有效增加了土壤有机质和速效养分含量,其中T4处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较CK显著增加了15.76%、62.12%、22.71%和44.28%;4种覆盖处理均在一定程度上提高了土壤酶活性,其中T4处理土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性较CK显著提高了23.08%、61.11%、172.54%、72.73%;此外,4种覆盖处理还显著提高了柑橘产量、改善了柑橘果实品质,柑橘产量、单果重、可食率、果汁率、可溶性固形物和固酸比分别较CK显著提高了6.89%~14.22%、8.84%~15.51%、2.51%~4.47%、3.12%~7.59%、4.60%~10.73%、11.39%~25.65%;维生素C含量以T4处理最高,较CK显著提高23.33%,而T4处理可滴定酸含量较CK显著降低了11.11%;相关性分析结果表明,有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量是柑橘产量果实品质的主要影响因子。综上,覆盖能有效改善山地黄壤区柑橘园土壤肥力,提高土壤养分供应水平,刺激土壤酶活性,提升柑橘品质,以玉米秸秆覆盖效果最好。To explore the effects of different covering materials on the soil properties and fruit quality of citrus orchards in yellow soil areas,the"Eyuan 38"citrus was used as the research object to study the effects of four covering methods on the surface nutrients,enzyme activity,citrus yield,and fruit quality of citrus orchards,including white film(T1),black film(T2),horticultural cloth(T3),and corn straw(T4).The results showed that:Compared with CK,except for T4 treatment,which significantly increased the pH value of orchard soil,T1,T2,and T3 treatments significantly decreased the pH value of citrus orchard soil.The four mulching treatments all effectively increased the content of organic matter and available nutrients in the surface soil of the citrus orchard,among which the content of organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the T4 treatment significantly increased by 15.76%,62.12%,22.71%,and 44.28%compared to CK.The four mulching treatments all improved soil enzyme activities to a certain extent,and the activities of catalase,urease,sucrase,and acid phosphatase in T4 treatment significantly increased by 23.08%,61.11%,172.54%,and 72.73%compared to CK treatment.The four mulching treatments also effectively improved the quality of citrus fruit,significantly increasing the yield,weight per fruit,edible rate,juice percentage,soluble solids,and solid acid ratio by 6.89%~14.22%,8.84%~15.51%,2.51%~4.47%,3.12%~7.59%,4.60%~10.73%,and 11.39%~25.65%,respectively,compared to CK.The content of vitamin C in T4 treatment was the highest,significantly increasing by 23.33%compared to CK,while the content of titratable acid in T4 treatment significantly decreased by 11.11%compared to CK.The correlation analysis results indicate that organic matter,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,and available potassium content are the main influencing factors on citrus yield and fruit quality.In summary,continuous coverage can effectively improve the soil fertility of citrus orchards,improve the level of

关 键 词：不同材料覆盖 覆盖材料 山地黄壤 柑橘 土壤性质 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 产量品质 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S27[农业科学—农业基础科学]