基于CFD仿真的异型薄壁堰水力特性与改造路径研究  

Research on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Non-standard Thin-plate Weirs Based on CFD Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation and Its Renovation Path

作　　者：谢千辰 唐明 吴宇泽 陈辉 刘国平 XIE Qian-chen;TANG Ming;WU Yu-ze;CHEN Hui;LIU Guo-ping(School of Hydraulic&Ecological Engineering,Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330099,China;Jiangxi)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院水利与生态工程学院,南昌330099 [2]江西省水文水资源与水环境重点实验室,南昌330099

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第9期57-63,70,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：2020年南昌市第2批科技计划项目“南昌市城市内涝防治与河湖水质调控工程技术研究中心”(2020-NCGCZX-005);江西省“科技+水利”联合计划重大专项“极端暴雨条件下城市洪涝风险预警与防范技术研究”(2022KSG01007)。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,截流系统在我国城市河湖水质污染控制中得到了广泛应用;受城市土地资源紧缺的影响,异形结构的溢流装置亦大量存在。一方面,溢流装置的出流效率及其对雨水排放的影响并没有得到足够的重视;另一方面,城市水文监测设施的匮乏,也给这些影响的量化带来了技术障碍。以南昌市青山湖溢流装置为例,同时构建了异型结构薄壁堰的物理模型与数值模型,分析了溢流堰的流态与过流效率,并针对存在的问题提出可行的改造方案。主要结果:①原装置出流效率差,溢流堰在自由出流方式下的总体过流能力弱,流量系数为0.301,较相同工况下的标准薄壁堰的流量系数0.418低28%;过渡段内,“漩涡”、脱壁、顶部“空气腔”等现象都比较严重,流态问题突出。②改造方案中,“闸代堰”的甲、乙方案过流能力得到提升,设计工况下的流量较原方案分别提升了24%、19%,且出流效率大幅提高,单宽流量提升了719%、683%;“闸堰结合”方案在改善过流能力的同时还保留了堰流控制管理的便利性。同时采用物理模型和CFD数值模拟的方法,既能解决城市溢流堰的数值模型率定与验证困难,又可在数值仿真实验中完成溢流堰的问题诊断与改造方案的比选,为城市排水系统的建设与改造提供了一个新的思路。Since the 21st century,the intercepting sewer system had been widely used in the water pollution control of urban rivers and lakes in China.Influenced by the shortage of urban land resources,there are also a large number of non-standard overflow devices.On the one hand,the outflow efficiency of overflow devices and their impacts on rainwater drainage have not received enough attention.On the other hand,the lack of urban hydrological monitoring facilities also brings technical difficulties to the quantification of these impacts.Taking the Qingshanhu overflow device of Nanchang City as a case,the physical model and numerical model of the non-standard thin-plate weir are constructed,the flow regime and flow efficiency of the overflow weir are analyzed,and a feasible reconstruction scheme is proposed for the existing problems.The results indicate that:①The outflow efficiency of the original device is low,and the overall overflow capacity is weak under the free-flow condition.The discharge coefficient of this weir is 0.301,28%lower than that of a standard thin-plate weir under the same condition(0.418).The phenomena such as“vortex”,“drift away the wall”and“air cavity at the top”are more serious,and the problem with the flow regime is more prominent inside the original device.②After the scheme of"replacing weir with sluice"is adopted,the flow of Scheme A and Scheme B is 24%and 19%higher than that of the original scheme,which improves the discharge capacity,and the unit width flow is 719%and 683%higher under the free-flow condition.Similarly,after the scheme of"combining sluice and weir"is adopted,the convenience of drainage management is retained while the discharge capacity is improved.The physical model and CFD numerical simulation methods are both adopted in this paper,which can not only solve the difficulty in calibrating and verifying the numerical model of urban overflow weir but also complete the problem diagnosis of overflow weir and the comparison and selection of reconstruction schemes in nume

关 键 词：异型结构薄壁堰 三维流场数值仿真 水力特性 改造方案 城市截流系统 闸代堰 闸堰结合 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]