莱州湾芙蓉岛人工鱼礁区大型底栖动物的营养结构特征  

Trophic structure of macrobenthos in artificial reef area of Furong Island,Laizhou Bay

作　　者：张镇 董建宇 孙昕 张宇洋 詹启鹏 张宗航[1] 申丰源 丁夏阳 张沛东[1] 张秀梅 ZHANG Zhen;DONG Jianyu;SUN Xin;ZHANG Yuyang;ZHAN Qipeng;ZHANG Zonghang;SHEN Fengyuan;DING Xiayang;ZHANG Peidong;ZHANG Xiumei(Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;College of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《水产学报》2023年第9期60-73,共14页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2019YFD0901303);浙江省重点研发计划(2021C02047)。

摘　　要：人工鱼礁建设是改善底栖生境、提高底栖动物多样性和资源丰度的重要措施之一,其建设效果与投放时间长短密切相关。为了探究投礁时长对大型底栖动物营养关系的影响,实验应用稳定同位素技术对比分析了莱州湾芙蓉岛海域不同礁龄人工鱼礁区和对照区大型底栖动物及其食源的碳、氮稳定同位素组成,计算了不同区域大型底栖动物的食物基础以及消费者的营养级。结果显示:(1)长礁龄区、短礁龄区和对照区的大型底栖动物δ^(13)C值分别为-25.08‰~-13.34‰、-25.86‰~-17.80‰和-25.39‰~-11.06‰;δ^(15)N值分别为10.73‰~15.78‰、10.02‰~14.89‰和10.17‰~15.80‰。(2)相较于短礁龄区和对照区,长礁龄区底栖动物群落营养多样性更高,食物来源多样性水平更高,群落内营养生态位更加多样化,群落结构稳定性较好。(3)以食性为依据,将大型底栖动物分为浮游生物食者(Pl)、肉食者(C)、碎屑食者(D)和杂食者(O)等4类摄食功能群,在4类潜在食源[浮游植物、浮游动物、水体悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)和沉积物有机物(SOM)]中,浮游植物碳源对除肉食者外的3类消费者的平均贡献率最高(31.40%)。(4)长礁龄区、短礁龄区和对照区的消费者营养级分别为2.00~3.83、2.00~3.49和2.00~3.87;此外在长礁龄区出现了相对多的高营养级捕食者,从而证实长礁龄区的底栖动物群落具有更复杂的营养结构。同时发现,人工鱼礁建设能使大型底栖动物更充分地利用浮游植物碳源,并且能够增加底栖动物群落的营养多样性和丰富度,促进群落中较高营养级动物的增加。本研究结果有助于了解人工鱼礁建设的环境生态效应,为进一步研究底栖生境食物网的物质循环和能量流动提供了基础资料。Artificial reef is an effective measure for improving benthic habitat,macrobenthos diversity,and richness.Its ecological effects are closely related to the duration of placement.In order to explore the effect of reef construction duration on the trophic relationship of macrobenthos,this study applied stable isotope techniques to compare the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions of macrobenthos and their food sources in artificial reef areas of different ages and control areas in the coastal waters of Furong Island,Laizhou.In addition,the food bases and trophic levels of macrobenthos in different areas were also calculated.The results showed that:①Theδ^(13)C values of macrobenthos in long-age reef area,short-age reef area and control area ranged from−25.08‰-−13.34‰,−25.86‰-−17.80‰,and−25.39‰-−11.06‰,respectively.The correspondedδ^(15)N values ranged from 10.73‰-15.78‰,10.02‰-14.89‰,and 10.17‰-15.80‰,respectively.②Compared to short-age reef and control area,the macrobenthos community in the long-age reef area has higher trophic diversity,higher diversity of food sources,more diverse trophic niches within the community and better stability of community structure.③According to feeding habits,macrobenthos can be divided into four functional groups,namely planktonophagous group(Pl),carnivorous group(C),detritivorous group(D)and omnivorous group(O).Among the four potential food sources(phytoplankton,zooplankton,particulate organic matter(POM)and sediment organic matter(SOM)),phytoplankton had the highest average contribution(31.40%)to the three types of consumers,except for carnivorous group.④The trophic levels of consumers in long-age reef,short-age reef,and control area were 2.00–3.83,2.00–3.49 and 2.00–3.87,respectively.In addition,higher trophic level predators were observed in long-age reef area,implying more complex trophic structure in long-age reef area than that of other areas.The results of this study showed that the construction of artificial reefs

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 营养关系 营养级 稳定同位素 人工鱼礁 莱州湾 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]