江苏优质稻区土壤理化性状对稻米品质的影响  

Effect of soil physical and chemical properties on rice quality in high quality rice producing areas of Jiangsu province

作　　者：刘红江[1] 裴晓芳[2,3] 丁雯丽 郭智 张岳芳[1] 盛婧[1] 周炜[1] 黄胜东[4] LIU Hong-jiang;PEI Xiao-fang;DING Wen-li;GUO Zhi;ZHANG Yue-fang;SHENG Jing;ZHOU Wei;HUANG Sheng-dong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nangjing 210014,China;School of Electronic&Information Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;School of Electronic&Information Engineering,Wuxi University,Wuxi 214105,China;Institute of Food Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nangjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2]南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院,江苏南京210044 [3]无锡学院电子信息工程学院,江苏无锡214105 [4]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第4期956-965,共10页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(20)2002];南京信息工程大学无锡校区研究生创新实践项目(WXCX202010)。

摘　　要：为了探索优良食味粳稻稻米品质与土壤理化性状之间的关系,本研究在江苏省镇江市句容市后白镇圩区随机选取种植南粳46、南粳3908、南粳5055和南粳9108的11个具有代表性的水稻种植主体,2020年和2021年度对其土壤理化性状和稻米品质进行取样检测,并分析主要指标之间的相关性。结果表明,2个试验年度,11个水稻种植主体土壤理化性状主要指标中,总氮含量和总磷含量平均值分别为1.60 g/kg和0.56 g/kg;速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量平均值分别为110.5 mg/kg、11.42 mg/kg、133.4 mg/kg;有机质含量平均值为26.64 g/kg,不同水稻种植主体土壤肥力状况差异显著。2季水稻平均产量以南粳46最低,为9248.1 kg/hm^(2),以南粳3908最高,达到9812.8 kg/hm^(2);2021年水稻平均产量与2020年差异不显著。南粳46的稻米品质指标总体优于其他3个水稻品种,综合食味值也最高,品质较优,但该品种垩白度和垩白粒率偏高。相关性分析结果表明,土壤有机质含量高的水稻种植主体的稻田,稻米整精米率、峰值黏度和热浆黏度高,胶稠度大,蛋白质含量低,米质较好。综上,就不同水稻品种而言,南粳46稻米品质最优,在肥力水平较高的土壤上种植南粳46能进一步提高其稻米品质,但南粳46的产量总体偏低,而南粳3908则相对兼顾了水稻产量和稻米品质。To explore the relationship between grain quality of japonica rice with good eating quality and soil physical and chemical properties,11 representative rice planters who planted Nanjing 46,Nanjing 3908,Nanjing 5055 and Nanjing 9108 were randomly selected in the polder area of Houbai Town,Jurong City,Zhenjiang City of Jiangsu province in this study.Soil physical and chemical properties and rice qualities were sampled and tested in 2020 and 2021,and the correlation between the main factors was analyzed.The results showed that,among the main indexes of soil physical and chemical properties of 11 rice planters,total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content were 1.60 g/kg,0.56 g/kg respectively in the two experimental years.The average contents of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 110.5 mg/kg,11.42 mg/kg,133.4 mg/kg respectively,and average organic matter content was 26.64 g/kg.Differences of paddy soil nutrient conditions were significant between different rice planters.In the two seasons,the lowest average yield of rice was in Nanjing 46,which was 9248.1 kg/hm^(2),and the highest average yield of rice was in Nanjing 3908,which reached 9812.8 kg/hm^(2).The difference of average rice yield between 2021 and 2020 was not significant.The quality indexes of Nanjing 46 were better than the other three rice varieties on the whole,and the comprehensive taste value of Nanjing 46 was the highest.The quality of Nanjing 46 was relatively high,but both of its chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate were slightly high.Results of correlation analysis showed that,rice farm with high soil organic matter content had high head rice rate,peak viscosity and hot paste viscosity,and had high gel consistency of rice and low protein content,which showed good rice quality.All of above,Nanjing 46 grain had the best quality among different rice varieties,and planting Nanjing 46 in soil of high fertility can further improve its rice quality.However,the yield of Nanjing 46 was generally low,while Nanjing 39

关 键 词：优质稻区 土壤 理化性状 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]