菌剂对鸡粪-生物炭堆肥理化性质和微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of microbial agents on physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of chicken manure-biochar compost

作　　者：王瑞飞[1,2] 孔盈利 魏艺璇 白双 展莉平 张昊 李明军[1] 杨清香 WANG Rui-fei;KONG Ying-li;WEI Yi-xuan;BAI Shuang;ZHAN Li-ping;ZHANG Hao;LI Ming-jun;YANG Qing-xiang(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China;Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology,Xinxiang 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]河南省农业微生物生态与技术国际联合实验室,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2023年第4期966-977,共12页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);河南省科技攻关项目(202102110219);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22B180006、20A180015);中原科技创新领军人才项目(224200510011)。

摘　　要：为了探讨菌剂[芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)BA、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)K1、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus magaterium)J2和木霉(Trichoderma sp.)M1混合菌剂]在鸡粪-生物炭堆肥堆制过程中的作用,通过理化性质测定、高通量测序等方法研究菌剂对堆肥堆体理化性质、微生物群落演替的影响,评估菌剂处理的堆肥对植物生长的潜在作用。结果表明,菌剂处理组堆肥堆体的温度在堆肥堆制第4 d达到70℃以上(比对照早26 d),且臭味基本消失;在堆肥堆制第53 d,处理组有明显土腥味(对照仍有刺鼻臭味),总有机质、铵态氮含量分别比对照低76.30 g/kg、37.83 mg/kg,全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别比对照高6.02 g/kg、15.70 mg/kg、50.40 mg/kg。群落分析结果表明,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)分别为对照中占绝对优势的细菌门(相对丰度>80.00%)、真菌门(相对丰度>59.00%),但在堆肥堆制过程中,处理组放线菌门(Actinobacteria)在堆制第53 d取代厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)成为绝对优势菌门(相对丰度66.40%),子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度在堆制第30~53 d明显高于对照。在属水平上,处理组堆肥的有机质转化细菌如假纤细芽孢杆菌(Pseudogracilibacillus)、布哈加瓦氏菌(Bhargavaea)等的相对丰度在堆制第14 d、30 d,生防链霉菌(Streptomyces)等的相对丰度在堆制第53 d显著高于对照;生防真菌枝顶孢霉(Acremonium)的相对丰度始终高于对照,其他真菌尤其是致病真菌如毛孢子菌(Cutaneotrichosporon)、镰刀霉(Fusarium)的相对丰度在堆制第53 d低于对照。在菌剂处理的堆肥浸提液培养下,上海青种子的发芽率、根长分别达到91.60%、1.59 cm,均高于对照。由此可见,菌剂能高效推动鸡粪-生物炭堆肥堆制过程中微生物群落变化,缩短腐熟进程,提升堆肥品质。In order to explore the role of Bacillus sp.BA,Bacillus subtilis K1,Bacillus magaterium J2 and Trichoderma sp.M1 in the composting of chicken manure-biochar,the effects of microbial agents on the physicochemical properties and microbial community succession of compost were studied by means of physical and chemical properties determination and high-throughput sequencing,and the potential effects of microbial agents on plant growth were evaluated.The results showed that the composting temperature of the microbial agent treatment group reached more than 70℃on the 4th day of composting(26 days earlier than the control),and the odor basically disappeared.On the 53rd day of composting,the treatment group had obvious soil odor(the control still had a pungent odor).Compared with the control,the total organic matter content and ammonium nitrogen content decreased by 76.30 g/kg and 37.83 mg/kg,respectively,and the total nitrogen content,available phosphorus content and available potassium content increased by 6.02 g/kg,15.70 mg/kg and 50.40 mg/kg,respectively.The results of community analysis showed that Firmicutes and Ascomycota were the dominant bacterial phyla(relative abundance>80.00%)and fungal phylum(relative abundance>59.00%)in the control,respectively.During the composting process,Actinobacteria in the treatment group replaced Firmicutes as the absolute dominant phylum(relative abundance was 66.40%)on the 53rd day of composting,and the relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly higher than that of the control on the 30th to 53rd day of composting.At the genus level,the relative abundance of organic matter-transforming bacteria such as Pseudogracilibacillus and Bhargavaea in the compost of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control on the 14th and 30th day of composting,and the relative abundance of Streptomyces was significantly higher than that of the control on the 53rd day of composting.The relative abundance of biocontrol fungus Acremonium in the treatment group was always h

关 键 词：鸡粪 菌剂 生物炭 堆肥 微生物群落 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]