污染环境罪量刑特征及影响因素规范化的实证建构——基于2014—2022年全国1832份判决书的考察  

Empirical Construction of Sentencing Characteristics and Standardization of Influencing Factors for Environmental Pollution Crimes--Based on 1832 Judgments from 2014 to 2022

作　　者：杨博文 YANG Bowen(College of Humanities and Social Development,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu,210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期95-107,180,共14页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：中国犯罪学学会研究课题“污染环境罪的量刑特征及影响因素的实证研究”(FZXXH2022F18)。

摘　　要：生态环境损害的认定是污染环境罪定罪量刑的重要环节,因而污染环境罪的行政从属性与生态法益保护的复杂性,导致刑罚适用与量刑标准方面存在诸多差异。通过回望中国新时代环境治理十年来的发展成效,选取中国《环境保护法》修订后,及《刑法修正案(八)》实施以后,全国2014—2022年1832份污染环境罪案件刑事判决书进行实证分析,研究发现:在污染环境犯罪案件严重程度不断增加的情况下,过往环境行政处罚对量刑的影响逐渐减小,而生态环境损害程度对量刑的影响逐渐增大。在经济发达地区,共同犯罪的主犯罚金数额较大,刑期较高,而经济欠发达地区则与此相反。过往环境行政处罚可显著提高生态环境损害修复措施与缓刑的适用率。根据罪责刑相适应原则,污染环境罪案件中的量刑应当规范化,实现“司法正义”与“生态正义”统合的良法善治,揭示生态损害赔偿的重要作用,完善污染环境案件中的量刑机制。The determination of ecological environmental damage is an important procedure for the conviction and sentencing of environmental pollution crimes.Therefore,the complexity of administrative subordination and ecological legal protection of environmental pollution crimes leads to many differences in the application of penalties and sentencing standards.By looking back at the development achievements of China’s new era environmental governance over the past decade,this study selects 1832 criminal judgments for environmental pollution crimes in China from 2014 to 2022 after the revision of China’s Environmental Protection Law and the implementation of the Criminal Law Amendment(VIII)for empirical analysis,the research has found that with the increasing severity of environmental pollution crimes,the impact of past environmental administrative penalties on sentencing has gradually decreased,while the impact of ecological environmental damage on sentencing has gradually increased.In economically developed areas,the main culprit of a joint crime has a larger fine and a higher sentence,while in economically underdeveloped areas,this result is the opposite.The previous environmental administrative penalties can significantly improve the application rate of ecological environment damage restoration measures and probation.According to the principle of adapting criminal responsibility to punishment,the sentencing in environmental pollution cases should be standardized,achieving good governance through the integration of“judicial justice”and“ecological justice”,revealing the important role of ecological damage compensation,and improving the sentencing mechanism in environmental pollution cases.

关 键 词：污染环境罪 行政从属性 生态法益 生态损害赔偿 罪责刑相适应原则 

分 类 号：DF62[政治法律—刑法学]