洋葱无蜡粉突变体特性初步研究  

Study on Characteristics of Wax-free Mutant in Onion(Allium cepa L.)

作　　者：惠林冲[1] 潘美红[1] 陈微 李威亚 何林玉 张仕林 缪美华[1] 陈振泰 杨海峰[1] HUI Linchong;PAN Meihong;CHEN Wei;LI Weiya;HE Linyu;ZHANG Shilin;MIAO Meihua;CHEN Zhentai;YANG Haifeng(Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lianyungang Jiangsu 222000,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港市农业科学院,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第9期1376-1385,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：江苏省自主创新项目[CX(20)3164];连云港市财政专项支持项目(QNJJ2005);江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程;连云港市第六期“521工程”科研项目~~。

摘　　要：为了探索洋葱蜡粉缺失突变体的特征特性和形态学应用价值,选择20份无蜡粉材料进行田间表型特征观察及叶面蜡质成分分析,并对突变株进行SSR引物筛选。结果表明,洋葱无蜡粉叶片呈亮绿色,有光泽,遗传分析发现叶片蜡粉受隐性基因控制;突变株表现为苗期长势相对弱,产量与品种特性相关;突变株叶片表现出无或少蓟马危害症状,不使用杀虫剂能够达正常洋葱使用杀虫剂抗葱蓟马的效果,并建立无蜡粉洋葱抗蓟马评价标准;叶表超微结构观察及蜡粉成分分析发现:突变体叶表面蜡粉严重缺失,有少量蜡粉,不足为人眼观察到,但在抽薹开花末期,花薹表面有一层淡淡光亮白色蜡粉。气相色谱分析叶表面蜡质主要成分均为酰胺、酚类、酮类、烃类、酯类,但无蜡粉叶片中16-三十一酮含量差异显著,由相对含量52.66%降至2.79%,导致叶表面无蜡粉现象;对19061单株自交分离的有蜡粉与无蜡粉植株进行SSR引物筛选,引物196和304可作为单株特异标记能够将19061有蜡粉与无蜡粉区分,但不能区分其他无蜡粉与有蜡粉材料。因此,洋葱无蜡粉突变体初步研究为洋葱形态学标记和杂交制种应用、抗葱蓟马研究奠定重要基础。This study aimed to explore the characteristics and morphological application value of onion wax powder deletion mutants,20 wax-free materials were selected for field phenotypic observation,the analysis of leaf wax component and SSR primer screening for mutants.The results showed that the leaves of onion without wax powder were bright green and shiny.After genetic analysis,we found that the leaf wax powder was controlled by a recessive gene;the mutant plants showed relatively weak growth at the seedling stage,and the yield was related to the variety characteristics;in addition,the leaves of the mutant plants showed no or fewer symptoms of thrips damage,pesticides had no effect of normal onions using pesticides against onion thrips,and an evaluation standard for wax-free onions against thrips was established;after analysis of leaf ultrastructural observation and wax powder composition,we found that the surface wax powder on the leaves of the mutant was seriously missed,and there was a small amount of wax powder,which cannot be observed by the human naked eye,but at the end of the flowering stage of the bolting,there was a layer of light and bright white wax on the surface of the flower sedge.After analysis of gas chromatographic,the main components of leaf surface wax were amides,phenols,ketones,hydrocarbons and esters,but the content of 16-triconicone in leaves without wax powder was significantly different,and the relative content decreased from 52.66%to 2.79%.Which resulted in the phenomenon of no wax powder on the leaf surface;for the screening of SSR primers with wax powder and without wax powder isolated from individual plants of 19061,primers 196 and 304 could be used as individual plant-specific markers to distinguish 19061 with wax powder and without wax powder,but other non-waxed and waxed materials could not be distinguished.Therefore,the study on onion wax-free mutants lays an important foundation for the application of onion morphological markers and hybrid seed production,and the research of resistan

关 键 词：洋葱 蜡粉 突变体 

分 类 号：S633.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]