全球高致病性禽流感疫情流行特征及形势分析  

Analysis on the Characteristics and Status of Global HPAI Outbreaks

作　　者：单泽枫 吴坤 董永毅[2] 赵振华[3] Shan Zefeng;Wu Kun;Dong Yongyi;Zhao Zhenhua(Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;Jiangsu Animal Disease Control and Prevention Center,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210036,China;Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225125,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省动物疫病预防控制中心,江苏南京210036 [3]江苏省家禽科学研究所,江苏扬州225125

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2023年第8期1-5,共5页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：江苏省水禽产业技术体系疫病防控创新团队项目(JATS[2022]360)。

摘　　要：为了解2020年以来全球高致病性禽流感(HPAI)疫情情况及流行特点,分析其流行形势,从农业农村部畜牧兽医局网站发布的“一周国际动物疫情动态”、中国动物卫生与流行病学中心发布的“全球疫情动态”,下载2020年1月—2023年6月全球HPAI疫情数据,通过Excel软件进行统计分析。结果显示:从年份看,2021年开始全球HPAI疫情发展迅猛,2023年更为严峻;从空间分布看,欧洲是全球HPAI疫情的“重灾区”,非洲、美洲疫情发展迅猛,疫情发生国家大幅增长;从流行毒株看,主要为H5亚型,报告发生的疫情数占总疫情数的99.73%,其中H5N1亚型逐步演化为全球优势流行毒株;从流行季节看,HPAI具有明显的季节性,主要暴发于冬春季节;从感染种类看,野禽疫情以及其他哺乳动物疫情数量呈增多趋势。结果表明,全球疫情形势更加严峻复杂,对家禽和野禽以及部分哺乳动物及人类形成了较大威胁。结果提示,需持续关注全球HPAI疫情进展,加强流行趋势研判和综合防控,保障养殖业健康发展及公共卫生安全。本研究为我国HPAI监测评估、风险预警和防控政策制定提供了参考。In order to investigate the status and prevalence characteristics of global highly pathogenic avian influenzaHPAIoutbreaks since 2020and to analyze its trendthe data of global HPAI outbreaks from January 2020 to June 2023 was downloaded from the“International Animal Diseases/Outbreaks Updates in a Week”published on the website of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau under Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairsand the“Global Outbreak Updates”published by China Animal Health and Epidemiology Centerfor statistical analysis using Excel software.The results revealed thatfor the year of outbreaksglobal HPAI outbreaks had developed rapidly since 2021and more serious in 2023for spatial distributionthe outbreaks inflicted heavy losses in Europeand developed rapidly in Africa and the Americaswith increasing number of affected countriesfor prevalent strainsH5 subtype was dominantthe reported outbreaks accounted for 99.73%of total outbreaksand H5N1 subtype gradually evolved into global dominant strainfor epidemic seasonHPAI mainly occurred in winters and springswith obvious seasonalityfor the infected speciesthe outbreaks in wild birds and other mammals tended to increase.In conclusionglobal outbreaks of HPAI became more severe and complexposing a greater threat to poultrywild birdspartial mammals and humans.It was recommended to continue to concern the progress of global HPAI outbreaksstrengthen researches and determination of prevalence trend as well as comprehensive prevention and control of the diseaseand to safeguard healthy development of animal industry and public health safety.A reference was thus provided for HPAI monitoring and assessmentrisk early warning and development of policies about disease prevention and control in China.

关 键 词：高致病性禽流感 流行形势 流行特征 全球 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]