不同遮荫强度下雪茄烟叶晾制变色差异的研究  

Discoloration differences of air-cured cigar leaves under different shading intensities

作　　者：陈泳纬 金明珂 吴永兵 赵松超 阳苇丽[2] 何正川[2] 赵铭钦 CHEN Yongwei;JIN Mingke;WU Yongbing;ZHAO Songchao;YANG Weili;HE Zhengchuan;ZHAO Mingqin(Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University/National Research Base of Tobacco Cultivation Physiology and Biochemistry,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China;Dazhou Branch of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Dazhou,Sichuan 635000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院/国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,河南郑州450002 [2]四川省烟草公司达州市公司,四川达州635000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第9期47-57,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中国烟草总公司四川省公司重点科技攻关项目“四川优质雪茄烟叶区域定位及质量特色挖掘研究”(SCYC201913);中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目“达州优质雪茄烟叶开发”(SCYC20210)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同遮荫强度雪茄烟叶在晾制过程中颜色变化的差异。【方法】以川雪1号中部叶为试验材料,设置100%,85%,70%,55%和40%共5个遮荫透光处理,研究各处理雪茄烟叶晾制过程中含水率、相关酶活性、色素含量及多酚类物质含量变化对烟叶颜色的影响。【结果】①变黄、变褐特性以55%~70%遮荫透光处理烟叶转化更顺利。②55%~70%遮荫透光处理烟叶含水率显著高于其他处理,且70%遮荫透光处理烟叶失水速率适中、干燥速度适当,有利于提高颜色变化与物质转化的协调性。③55%~70%遮荫透光处理烟叶晾制过程中LOX和PPO活性较高,有利于酶促棕色化反应和质体色素降解。④55%~70%遮荫透光处理的烟叶质体色素降解量较大且降解速度快,促进了烟叶颜色的转化和品质的形成。⑤70%遮荫透光处理烟叶在晾制过程中绿原酸、芸香苷和莨菪亭含量在各阶段均维持在适宜水平,有利于烟叶颜色转化和品质形成。⑥70%遮荫透光处理的烟叶颜色均匀饱满,烟叶正反面色差值小。【结论】70%遮荫透光处理烟叶在晾制过程中变黄变褐转化顺利,失水速率协调性好,维持有较高的酶活性,促进了色素降解与多酚转化,有利于酶促棕色化反应以及晾后颜色转化,烟叶颜色多呈棕褐色和咖啡色,提升了晾制效果。【Objective】This study investigated the color changes of cigar leaves with varying shade intensities throughout the air-curing process.【Method】The middle leaves of“Chuanxue No.1”were selected for shading treatments with five light penetration rates of 100%,85%,70%,55%,and 40%,respectively.Then,the effects of changes in moisture content,related enzyme activities,pigments,and concentration of polyphenols on discoloration of cigar leaves were analyzed.【Result】①The yellowing and browning features of cigar leaves in 55%-70%light penetration were transformed more smoothly.②The moisture contents of cigar leaves with 55%-70%light penetration were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The 70%light penetration treatment had appropriate water loss rate and drying speed,which facilitated discoloration and substance transformation.③The tobacco leaves in shading treatments with 55%-70% light penetration had higher LOX and PPO activities throughout the curing phase,which was advantageous to enzymatic browning and plastid pigments degradation.④ In the treatments with 55%- 70% light penetration,the levels of plasmid pigments decomposed more with faster rates in compared to other treatments,enhancing color transformation and quality development of cigar leaves.⑤ The contents of chlorogenic acid,rutin and scopolamine in the 70% treatment maintained at appropriate levels during the air-curing process,which benefited color transformation and quality production of cigar leaves.⑥ The color characteristics of cigar leaves in the 70% treatment were even and full,with less differences between the front and back.【Conclusion】 The shade treatment with 70% light penetration improved the air-curing process of tobacco leaves by allowing smooth changes from yellow to brown and coordinated water loss rate,maintaining high enzyme activities,promoting pigment degradation and polyphenol conversion,and obtaining tan and brown leaves mostly.

关 键 词：雪茄烟叶 遮荫强度 烟叶晾制 烟叶变黄变褐特性 颜色参数 

分 类 号：S572.059[农业科学—烟草工业]