喷肥处理对骏枣裂果及果实养分含量的影响  

Effects of spraying fertilizer treatments on cracking rate and nutrient contents of Jun-jujube fruits

作　　者：木合塔尔·扎热[1,2,3] 马合木提·阿不来提 吴正保 哈地尔·依沙克[1,2,3] Muhtar ZARI;Mahmut ABLAT;WU Zhengbao;Kadir ESAH(Institute of Economic Forestry,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830063,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilization in Xinjiang of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830020,China;Key Laboratory of Fruit Tree Species Breeding and Cultivation in Xinjiang,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [2]新疆林木资源与利用国家林草局重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830020 [3]新疆林果树种选育与栽培重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第9期138-144,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“养分对骏枣裂果的调控机理研究”(2017D01A29);2021年新疆维吾尔自治区林业发展补助资金项目(XJLYKJ202112)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明养分在新疆骏枣裂果中的作用,明确影响骏枣裂果的主要因子,为骏枣裂果防治提供参考。【方法】以新疆主栽易裂品种骏枣为试验材料,在果实膨大期至脆熟期,叶面喷施N、Ca、K、Mg和B肥的配制溶液,以喷水为对照(CK),研究不同喷肥处理对骏枣裂果率、生物量特征参数、可溶性固形物含量及养分含量的影响。【结果】不同喷肥处理中,K处理的裂果率最高,为15.67%,极显著高于N、Ca和Mg处理,显著高于B处理,与CK之间差异不显著;N和Ca处理的裂果率极显著低于CK,分别为6.33%和7.67%。不同喷肥处理对骏枣单果干质量的影响均不显著,但N处理的单果鲜质量显著高于CK和K处理。N处理的果实干物质积累率和可溶性固形物含量均极显著低于CK和其他喷肥处理,K处理的果实干物质积累率和可溶性固形物含量极显著高于CK和其他喷肥处理。各处理对骏枣果实表面色差值L^(*)的影响均不显著;K处理的果实表面色差值a^(*)极显著高于CK,N和Ca处理的果实表面色差值a^(*)极显著低于CK;K处理的果实表面色差值b^(*)显著低于CK,B处理的果实表面色差值b^(*)极显著低于CK。与CK相比,N和B处理后骏枣果实Mn含量显著增高,Ca处理的果实Ca含量极显著增高,K处理的果实K和Fe含量极显著增高,Mg处理的果实Mg含量显著增加。【结论】骏枣果实膨大期至脆熟期,喷施N肥和Ca肥能够延长果实生长期,改善果皮韧性,明显减轻骏枣裂果率;过量施用K肥会导致果实可溶性固形物含量增加,降低骏枣果皮韧性,易造成果实开裂。因此,应尽量避免过量施用K肥。【Objective】This study explored the role of nutrients on fruit cracking of Jun-jujube in Xinjiang and identified the main factors affecting fruit cracking to provide reference for the prevention and control of fruit cracking.【Method】Jun-jujube,the cracky main cultivar in Xinjiang,was selected to study the effects of spraying fertilizer treatments(N,Ca,K,Mg,B,and water)from expansion to crisp ripening periods on fruit cracking rate,biomass characteristic parameters,soluble solids content and nutrient contents of fruits.【Result】The cracking rate of potassium(K)treatment was the highest of 15.67%,which was extremely significantly higher than that of nitrogen(N),calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)treatments,significantly higher than that of boron(B)treatment,and not significantly different from the control of water(CK).The cracking rates of N and Ca treatments(6.33%and 7.67%)were extremely significantly lower than those of the CK.The effects of different fertilizer spraying treatments on the single fruit dry weight of Jun-jujube were not significant,but the single fruit fresh weight of N treatment was significantly higher than that in CK and K treatment.The dry matter accumulation rate and soluble solid content of N treatment were extremely significantly lower than those of CK and other treatments,and the dry matter ac-cumulation rate and soluble solid content of K treatment were extremely significantly higher than those of CK and other treatments.The effects on the fruit surface color difference value L^(*)of Jun-jujube were in-significant.The fruit surface color difference value a^(*)of K treatment was extremely significantly higher than that of the CK,while those of N and Ca treatments were extremely significantly lower.The fruit sur-face color difference value b^(*)of the K treatment was significantly lower than that of the CK,and that of the B treatment was extremely significantly lower.Compared with the CK,Mn content of fruit increased significantly after N and B treatments,Ca content of Ca treatment was ex

关 键 词：骏枣 喷肥处理 裂果 果实养分 

分 类 号：Q945.15[生物学—植物学] S665.101[农业科学—果树学]