不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌代谢关键酶比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Metabolic Key Enzymes in Yak Skeletal Muscle at Different Altitudes

作　　者：秦鸿楠 周娟 李琳 张勤文[1] QIN Hong-nan;ZHOU Juan;LI Lin;ZHANG Qin-wen(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2023年第8期48-54,共7页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2023-ZJ-722)。

摘　　要：为分析不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌代谢关键酶的含量及其酶活性,本试验选取3个海拔高度(4200、3200和1900 m)的牦牛作为研究对象,其中低海拔牦牛作为对照,运用电镜技术观测牦牛骨骼肌的线粒体相关指标,运用ELISA方法测定骨骼肌代谢关键酶乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)的含量、酶活性和LDH同工酶类型。结果显示,随海拔升高,肌红蛋白(Mb)和有氧代谢关键酶SDH含量和酶活性逐渐增强,中海拔和高海拔牦牛的Mb含量和SDH酶活性均高于低海拔牦牛且差异显著(P<0.05),高海拔牦牛SDH含量大于低海拔牦牛且差异显著(P<0.05);随海拔升高,无氧代谢关键酶LDH含量和酶活性逐渐降低,中海拔和高海拔牦牛LDH含量和酶活性均低于低海拔牦牛且差异显著(P<0.05);3个不同海拔牦牛5种LDH同工酶中LDH5占比最高,随着海拔升高,LDH1、LDH2、LDH4和LDH5含量逐渐下降,中海拔和高海拔牦牛LDH1和LDH2含量均低于低海拔牦牛且差异显著(P<0.05),高海拔牦牛LDH4和LDH5含量均低于低海拔牦牛且差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,不同海拔牦牛骨骼肌中代谢关键酶LDH和SDH的表达特点不同,牦牛骨骼肌代谢关键酶的表达量可能与低氧环境有一定联系,牦牛为适应高原低氧环境,其骨骼肌从结构和能量代谢水平发生了适应性变化。本试验结果为深入研究牦牛的低氧适应机制提供了基础数据。In order to analyze the contents and enzymatic activities of metabolic key enzymes in yak skeletal muscles at different altitudes(4200,3200 and 1900 m),this study selected yaks from three different altitudes,with low-altitude yaks as the control group.Electron microscopy was used to observe the mitochondrial-related indicators of yak skeletal muscles,and ELISA method was employed to measure the contents and enzyme activities of key enzymes,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)in skeletal muscle,as well as the isozyme types of LDH.The results showed that with the increase of altitude,the content and enzymatic activity of myoglobin(Mb)and aerobic metabolic key enzyme SDH in yak muscles gradually increased.The Mb content and SDH enzymatic activity in medium-altitude and high-altitude yaks were significantly higher than those of low-altitude yaks(P<0.05),and the SDH content of high-altitude yaks was significantly higher than that of low-altitude yaks(P<0.05).With the increase of altitude,the content and enzymatic activity of anaerobic metabolic key enzyme LDH gradually decreased.The LDH content and enzymatic activity in medium-altitude and high-altitude yaks were significantly lower than those of low-altitude yaks(P<0.05).Among the five LDH isoenzymes in yak muscles at three different altitudes,LDH5 accounted for the highest proportion.With the increase of altitude,the contents of LDH1,LDH2,LDH4,and LDH5 gradually decreased.The LDH1 and LDH2 content in medium-altitude and high-altitude yaks were significantly lower than those of low-altitude yaks(P<0.05),the LDH4 and LDH5 content of high-altitude yaks was significantly lower than those of low-altitude yaks(P<0.05).The results indicated that the expression characteristics of metabolic key enzymes LDH and SDH in yak skeletal muscles varied at different altitudes,and the expression levels of metabolic key enzymes in yak skeletal muscles might be related to the hypoxic environment.Yaks have undergone adaptive changes in skeletal muscle structure and

关 键 词：高原牦牛 骨骼肌 代谢关键酶 低氧适应机制 

分 类 号：S852.1[农业科学—基础兽医学]