国家荔枝香蕉种质资源圃(广州)的荔枝资源保存现状及创新利用  

Conservation Status and Innovative Utilization of Litchi Resources in the National Litchi and Banana Germplasm Repository(Guangzhou)

作　　者：文英杰 欧良喜[1] 史发超 严倩 蔡长河[1] 姜永华 刘海伦 陈洁珍[1] WEN Yingjie;OU Liangxi;SHI Fachao;YAN Qian;CAI Changhe;JIANG Yonghua;LIU Hailun;CHEN Jiezhen(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第5期1205-1214,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：物种品种资源保护费项目(111821301354052293);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系项目(CARS-32-01);国家园艺种质广州荔枝、香蕉分库运行服务(NHGRC2023-NH17);广东省荔枝产业技术体系(2023K107-1);广东省农业科学院人才引进项目(R2022YJYB3028)。

摘　　要：荔枝是起源于我国的亚热带常绿木本果树,栽培历史悠久,在我国果树产业中具有重要地位。我国荔枝种质资源十分丰富,为荔枝育种和产业发展提供了重要的物质保障。国家荔枝香蕉种质资源圃(广州)是我国荔枝种质资源最主要的保存单位,也是目前世界上保存荔枝种质资源最多、最完整、最规范的种质资源圃。截止至2022年12月,收集保存荔枝种质资源652份,选育出了红绣球、仙进奉、凤山红灯笼等多个优质荔枝新品种,创建了50万株自然杂交后代群体以及2万多株人工杂交后代群体,推动了荔枝基因组和起源、分子标记、品质、抗病性等基础研究,助力了荔枝品种结构调整和产业提升,在乡村脱贫致富和产业可持续发展中发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了国家荔枝香蕉种质资源圃(广州)的发展历程,总结和回顾了近20年来荔枝种质资源收集保存现状,以及荔枝种质资源创新利用所取得的进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,以期为未来我国荔枝种质资源的有效利用和产业发展提供可供参考的信息。Litchi,a subtropical evergreen woody fruit tree that originates in China and has been cultivated for over two thousand years,is essential to China’s fruit tree industry.The rich litchi germplasm resources hosted in China provide an important guarantee for litchi breeding and industrial development.The national litchi and banana germplasm repository(Guangzhou)serves as the primary unit for the preservation of litchi germplasm resources in China and is currently the most comprehensive and standardized litchi germplasm repository in the world.As of December 2022,the national litchi and banana germplasm repository(Guangzhou)has collected and preserved 652 litchi germplasm resources and successfully bred multiple high-quality litchi new varieties,including Hong xiu qiu,Xian jin feng,and Feng shan hong deng long.The repository has also established a population of over 500,000 natural hybrid offspring and more than 20,000 artificially hybrid offspring,promoting basic research on litchi genomics and origins,molecular markers,quality,and disease resistance.These measures have contributed to the adjustment of the litchi varieties and the promotion of the industry,playing an important role in rural poverty alleviation and the sustainable development of the litchi industry.This review presents an overview of the development history of the national litchi and banana germplasm repository(Guangzhou)and also summarizes the progress made in the past two decades regarding litchi germplasm resource collection and preservation,as well as their innovative utilization.Furthermore,we propose future research directions and focus in the national litchi and banana germplasm repository(Guangzhou),aiming to provide a reference for the effective utilization and industrial development of China's litchi germplasm resources.

关 键 词：荔枝 种质资源圃 保存 利用 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]