DNA甲基化调控园艺植物生长发育及非生物胁迫应答研究进展  

Research Progress of DNA Methylation on Regulating the Growth,Development and Abiotic Stress Response of Horticultural Plants

作　　者：池小娜 张欢欢 顾文媛 张兴民 王玉萍[1] CHI Xiaona;ZHANG Huanhuan;GU Wenyuan;ZHANG Xingmin;WANG Yuping(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070 [2]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第5期1215-1222,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760351)。

摘　　要：DNA甲基化作为表观遗传调控的重要机制之一,通常发生在植物胞嘧啶碱基中,包含CG、CHG、CHH三种类型。主要影响染色质结构和基因的转录效率,在植物细胞基因表达调控、基因组稳定性维持等方面起重要作用。非生物胁迫影响植物的生长发育和繁殖最终导致植物死亡。基于已有研究发现,DNA甲基化可诱导非生物胁迫下植物的表型改变。DNA甲基化水平在植物非生物胁迫生长过程存在的变化机制受到甲基化酶和去甲基化酶的影响。甲基化状态上调(启动)或下调(关闭)基因表达以确保自身适应生长及发育,从而使植物在一定程度上适应和抵抗逆境伤害。这些信号转导通路可以引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。本文对DNA甲基化功能及其在园艺植物的生长发育与非生物胁迫响应方面的研究进行了分析与总结,探讨了DNA甲基化在园艺植物表观遗传研究中存在的问题及展望,为园艺植物遗传改良及抗逆分子机理研究提供参考。As one of the important mechanisms of epigenetic regulation,usually occurs in plant cytosine bases,including CG,CHG and CHH.DNA methylation mainly affects chromatin structure and gene transcription level.DNA methylation plays important roles in transcriptional regulation and maintaining the genome stability.Abiotic stresses affect plant growth and reproduction and ultimately lead to plant death.Based on existing research findings,DNA methylation can induce phenotypic alterations in plants under stress.To cope with abiotic stresses,the change mechanism of DNA methylation level during growth is affected by methylase and demethylase.The signal transduction pathways can change the expression of some stress response genes,thus causing changes in plant morphology,physiology and biochemistry to adapt to adversity.Some genes are upregulated(initiate)or downregulated(close down)in expression in order to assure the adaptive growth and development of plant,thus enabling plants to adapt and resist stress damage to a certain extent.This article reviews the DNA methylation modification and its role in transcriptional regulation,research progress in the growth and development of horticultural plants,and the epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress as well as the problems and prospective of horticultural plants.It provides a reference for the genetic improvement of horticultural plants and deciphering the mechanism of stress resistance.

关 键 词：DNA甲基化 非生物胁迫 生长发育 园艺植物 表观遗传调控 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学]