波兰小麦在青藏高原饲用性能的评价  

Evaluation of the forage performance of polish wheat on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：赵彩霞 沈吉成 尹淑香 叶发慧 杨淼思 刘瑞娟[1,2] 刘德梅 张怀刚[1,2] 沈裕虎 陈文杰[1,2] ZHAO Cai-Xia;SHEN Ji-Cheng;YIN Shu-Xiang;YE Fa-Hui;YANG Miao-Si;LIU Rui-Juan;LIU De-Mei;ZHANG Huai-Gang;SHEN Yu-Hu;CHEN Wen-Jie(Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Innovation Academy for Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室/中国科学院西北高原生物研究所/中国科学院种子创新研究院,青海西宁810008 [2]青海省作物分子育种重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]青海大学,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第11期3017-3028,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2022-NK-106);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA24030102);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(STEP)项目(2019QZKK0303);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2019420);青海省创新平台建设项目(2022-ZJ-Y01,2022-ZJ-Y04)资助。

摘　　要：青藏高原是世界典型的高寒牧区,气候寒冷干燥,生态环境脆弱,天然草原初级生产力水平低下,人工草场现有适宜草种单一,品质较差,难以满足放牧家畜的营养需求,急需筛选和培育适宜该地区种植的优质饲用作物。本研究对40份波兰小麦饲用相关性状进行了测定,运用熵权法对测定指标进行了权重确定,采用灰色关联度进行了综合评价,以期筛选出适宜青藏高原等高寒牧区种植的波兰小麦优异饲用种质资源。主要研究结果如下:(1)供试材料籽粒产量权重最高为7.04%,开花期鲜草产量次之为6.98%,同时籽粒和鲜草产量变异系数(%)均较高,分别为28.57%和22.26%;(2)饲用品质分析表明,供试波兰小麦植株、籽粒中粗蛋白含量均较高,分别为23.86%和20.28%,植株ADF、NDF含量较低;(3)关联分析表明,综合评价较高的3个品种分别为来自阿根廷的9号、来自埃塞俄比亚的18号和来自罗马尼亚的20号,其中20号综合评价最高为0.635,18号为0.617,9号为0.607。上述综合评价较高、饲用性状较突出的材料可作为筛选和培育青藏高原等高寒牧区高蛋白含量优质禾本科牧草的良好供试材料。The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a typical alpine grazing area in the world,which is cold and arid,with fragile ecological environment,low level of primary productivity of natural grasslands,single suitable grass species for artificial pastures,and low quality,which can hardly suit the nutritional needs of grazing livestock.It is urgent to screen and cultivate high-quality forage crops.The objective of this study is to measure the forage traits of 40 polish wheat(Triticum polonicum L.),the entropy weighting method was applied to determine the weights of the measurement indicators,and use the gray correlation degree for a multivariate evaluation,to identify excellent forage germplasm resources of polish wheat varieties most suitable for planting in Qinghai.The main findings were as follows:(1)The grain yield of the test material had the highest weight of 7.04%,followed by 6.98%for fresh grass yield at flowering stage,also the coefficients of variation of grain and fresh forage yield were higher at 28.57%and 22.26%,respectively.(2)The forage quality analysis showed that the crude protein content of the plant and grain were higher by 23.86%and 20.28%,respectively.The acid detergent fibers and neutral detergent fiber of the plant were lower.(3)The multivariate evaluation of multiple indicators of the polish wheat revealed that three varieties with the best multivariate score among the 40 different Polish wheat were No.9 from Argentina,No.18 from Ethiopia,and No.20 from Romania,and the highest multivariate score was 0.635 for No.20,followed by 0.617 for No.18,and 0.607 for No.9.The materials with higher multivariate score of the test varieties and more outstanding forage traits can be the excellent test materials for the screening and breeding high quality forage grasses with high protein content on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to production needs.

关 键 词：波兰小麦 饲草产量 籽粒产量 饲用品质 青藏高原 

分 类 号：S544.9[农业科学—作物学]